1. Zithini ii-flocculants, ii-coagulants kunye nee-conditioners?
Ezi arhente zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezilandelayo ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kunyango lokucoca i-sludge press:
I-Flocculant: ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-coagulant, ingasetyenziswa njengendlela yokuqinisa ukwahlukana kolwelo oluqinileyo, olusetyenziswa kwi-primary sedimentation tank, kwi-secondary sedimentation tank, kwi-flotation tank nakwi-tertiary treatment okanye kwinkqubo yonyango oluphambili.
Uncedo lokujiya: Ii-flocculants ezincedisayo zidlala indima ekuphuculeni isiphumo sokujiya.
Isicoci: Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiarhente yokukhupha amanzi, isetyenziselwa ukulungisa udaka oluseleyo ngaphambi kokuba ikhuphe amanzi, kwaye iintlobo zayo ziquka ezinye ze-flocculants kunye ne-coagulants ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.
2. I-Flocculant
Ii-Flocculants luludidi lwezinto ezinokunciphisa okanye ziphelise uzinzo lwemvula kunye nokuzinza kwe-polymerization yamasuntswana asasazekileyo emanzini, kwaye zenze amasuntswana asasazekileyo ahlangane kwaye adibane abe ngamaqoqo okususwa.
Ngokwendlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo iikhemikhali, ii-flocculants zinokwahlulwa zibe zii-flocculants ezingaphiliyo kunye nee-flocculants eziphilayo.
Iiflocculants ezingaphiliyo
Ii-flocculants zemveli ezingaphiliyo ziityuwa ze-aluminium ezisezantsi kunye neetyuwa zesinyithi. Iityuwa ze-aluminium ziquka i-aluminium sulfate (AL2(SO4)3∙18H2O), i-alum (AL2(SO4)3∙K2SO4∙24H2O), i-sodium aluminate (NaALO3), iityuwa zesinyithi ziquka i-ferric chloride (FeCL3∙6H20), i-ferrous sulfate (FeSO4∙6H20) kunye ne-ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3∙2H20).
Ngokubanzi, ii-flocculants ezingaphiliyo zineempawu zokufumaneka lula kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukulungiswa okulula, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nesiphumo sonyango esiphakathi, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekucoceni amanzi.
I-flocculant ye-polymer engaphiliyo
Iipolymers ezisekelwe kwi-hydroxyl kunye ne-oxygen ze-Al(III) kunye ne-Fe(III) ziya kuhlanganiswa ngakumbi zibe zii-aggregates, eziya kugcinwa kwisisombululo samanzi phantsi kweemeko ezithile, kwaye ubungakanani bazo be-particle buya kuba kuluhlu lwe-nanometer. Isiphumo sedosi ephezulu.
Xa kuthelekiswa amazinga okusabela kwabo kunye nokwakheka kwe-polymer, ukusabela kwe-polymer ye-aluminium kuthambile kwaye imo izinzile ngakumbi, ngelixa i-polymer ye-hydrolyzed yesinyithi isabela ngokukhawuleza nangokulula ilahlekelwa kukuzinza kwaye iyancipha.
Iingenelo ze-inorganic polymer flocculants zibonakala kuba zisebenza kakuhle kune-flocculants zemveli ezifana ne-aluminium sulfate kunye ne-ferric chloride, kwaye zibiza kancinci kune-organic polymer flocculants. Ngoku i-Polyaluminum chloride isetyenzisiwe ngempumelelo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga ukunikezelwa kwamanzi, amanzi amdaka emizi-mveliso kunye ne-sewage yasezidolophini, kubandakanya unyango lwangaphambi konyango, unyango oluphakathi kunye nonyango oluphambili, kwaye kancinci kancinci ibe yi-flocculant eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwe-morphology, inqanaba le-polymerization kunye ne-coagulation-flocculation ehambelanayo, i-inorganic polymer flocculants isekwindawo ephakathi kwe-metal salt flocculants zemveli kunye ne-organic polymer flocculants.
I-Polyaluminum chloride, pac,msds policloruro de aluminio,cas no 1327 41 9,policloruro de aluminio,pac chemical for water treatment, poly aluminium chloride, ebizwa ngokuba yi-PAC, inefomyula yekhemikhali i-ALn(OH)mCL3n-m. I-PAC yi-electrolyte ene-multivalent enokunciphisa kakhulu i-colloidal charge yokungcola okufana nodongwe (ii-multiple negative charges) emanzini. Ngenxa yobunzima obukhulu beemolekyuli kunye namandla okufunxa aqinileyo, ii-flocs ezenziweyo zikhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kwe-flocculation kunye ne-sedimentation kungcono kunezinye ii-flocculants.
I-poly aluminium chloride inomlinganiselo ophezulu we-polymerization, kwaye ukuxutywa ngokukhawuleza emva kokongeza kunokulinciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokwakheka kwe-floc. I-poly aluminium chloride PAC ayichaphazeleki kakhulu bubushushu bamanzi, kwaye isebenza kakuhle xa ubushushu bamanzi buphantsi. Inciphisa ixabiso le-pH lamanzi lincinci, kwaye uluhlu lwe-pH olufanelekileyo lubanzi (lungasetyenziswa kuluhlu lwe-pH=5~9), ngoko ke akufuneki ukongeza i-alkaline agent. Umthamo we-PAC uncinci, ubungakanani bodaka oluveliswayo nalo luncinci, kwaye ukusetyenziswa, ulawulo kunye nokusebenza kulula ngakumbi, kwaye ayingcolisi kangako kwizixhobo kunye nemibhobho. Ke ngoko, i-PAC inomdla wokutshintsha i-aluminium sulfate kancinci kwicandelo lokunyanga amanzi, kwaye ingxaki yayo kukuba ixabiso liphezulu kunele-flocculants zemveli.
Ukongeza, ngokwembono yekhemistri yesisombululo,I-PAC poly aluminium chlorideyimveliso ephakathi ye-kinetic yenkqubo ye-hydrolysis-polymerization-precipitation reaction yetyuwa ye-aluminiyam, engaguquguqukiyo ngokwe-thermodynamically. Ngokubanzi, iimveliso ze-PAC ezingamanzi kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwixesha elifutshane (iimveliso eziqinileyo zisebenza ngokuzinzileyo). , ingagcinwa ixesha elide). Ukongeza ezinye iityuwa ezingaphiliyo (ezifana ne-CaCl2, i-MnCl2, njl.njl.) okanye ii-macromolecules (ezifana ne-polyvinyl alcohol, i-polyacrylamide, njl.njl.) kunokuphucula uzinzo lwe-PAC, kwaye kunokunyusa amandla okuhlangana.
Ngokuphathelele inkqubo yemveliso, i-anions enye okanye ezininzi ezahlukeneyo (ezifana ne-SO42-, PO43-, njl.njl.) ziyaziswa kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-PAC, kwaye isakhiwo se-polymer kunye nokusasazwa kwe-morphological kunokutshintshwa ukuya kwinqanaba elithile nge-polymerization, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe uzinzo kunye nokusebenza kwe-PAC; ukuba ezinye izinto ze-cationic, ezifana ne-Fe3+, ziziswa kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-PAC ukwenza i-Al3+ kunye ne-Fe3+ staggered hydrolytically polymerized, i-composite flocculant polyaluminum iron inokufumaneka.
I-flocculant ye-polymer yendalo
Iiflocculants zepolymer ezidityanisiweyo ikakhulu ziipolypropylene kunye nezinto zepolyethylene, ezifana nepolyacrylamide kunye nepolyethyleneimine. Ezi flocculants zonke ziimacromolecules ezinqamlezileyo emanzini, i-macromolecule nganye ineeyunithi ezininzi eziphinda-phindayo eziqulathe amaqela atshajiweyo, ngoko ke zikwabizwa ngokuba ziipolyelectrolytes. Ezo ziqulathe amaqela atshajiweyo kakuhle zii-cationic polyelectrolytes, kwaye ezo ziqulathe amaqela atshajiweyo kakubi zii-anionic polyelectrolytes, ezingenamaqela atshajiweyo kakuhle okanye atshajiweyo kakuhle, kwaye zibizwa ngokuba zii-nonionic polyelectrolytes.
Okwangoku, ii-flocculants zepolymer ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zii-anionic, kwaye zinokudlala indima kuphela ekuncedeni ukujiya kokungcola kwe-colloidal okutshajwe kakubi emanzini. Rhoqo ayinakusetyenziswa yodwa, kodwa isetyenziswa kunye neetyuwa ze-aluminium kunye neetyuwa zesinyithi. Ii-flocculants ze-cationic zinokudlala indima yokujiya kunye nokujiya ngaxeshanye kwaye zisetyenziswa zodwa, ngoko ke ziye zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza.
Okwangoku, ii-polyacrylamide non-ionic polymers zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwilizwe lam, ezihlala zisetyenziswa kunye neetyuwa zesinyithi kunye ne-aluminium. Isiphumo sombane sokungashukumi kweetyuwa zesinyithi kunye ne-aluminium kwiinxalenye ze-colloidal kunye nomsebenzi ogqwesileyo wokushukuma kwee-polymer flocculants zisetyenziselwa ukufumana iziphumo zonyango ezanelisayo. I-Polyacrylamide ineempawu zomthamo omncinci, isantya sokujiya ngokukhawuleza, kunye nee-floc ezinkulu neziqinileyo ezisetyenziswayo. I-80% yee-flocculants ze-polymer zendalo ezenziweyo ngoku eziveliswa kwilizwe lam yile mveliso.
I-Polyacrylamide PAM, i-polyelectrolyte isetyenziswa, i-polyelectrolyte cationic powder, i-cationic polyelectrolyte, i-cationic polymer, i-cationic polyacrylamide yeyona flocculant ye-polymer esetyenziswa kakhulu, i-polyelectrolyte, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa njenge-coagulant. Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ze-polyacrylamide yi-polyacrylonitrile CH2=CHCN. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, i-acrylonitrile iyafakwa kwi-hydrolyzed ukuze yenze i-acrylamide, kwaye i-acrylamide emva koko ifakwa kwi-suspension polymerization ukuze ifumane i-polyacrylamide. I-Polyacrylamide yi-resin enyibilikayo emanzini, kwaye iimveliso ziyisisombululo samanzi esiqinileyo nesiqinileyo esinoxinzelelo oluthile.
Uhlobo olukhoyo lwe-polyacrylamide emanzini yi-random coil. Ngenxa yokuba i-random coil inobukhulu obuthile be-particle kunye namaqela athile e-amide kumphezulu wayo, inokudlala amandla okudibanisa kunye nokufunxa, oko kukuthi, inobukhulu obuthile be-particle.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba uthotho olude lwe-polyacrylamide lugobile lube yi-coil, uluhlu lwayo lokubhida luncinci. Emva kokuba amaqela amabini e-amide eqhagamshelwe, lilingana nokurhoxiswa kokusebenzisana kunye nokulahleka kweendawo ezimbini zokufunxa. Ukongeza, amanye amaqela e-amide agqunywe kwisakhiwo se-coil. Ingaphakathi layo alinakunxibelelana kwaye lifunxa amasuntswana angcolileyo emanzini, ngoko ke amandla ayo okufunxa akanakusebenza ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuze bahlule amaqela e-amide adibeneyo kwakhona baze baveze amaqela e-amide afihliweyo ngaphandle, abantu bazama ukwandisa i-coil engacwangciswanga ngokufanelekileyo, baze bazama nokongeza amanye amaqela ane-cations okanye ii-anions kwi-long molecular chain, ngelixa bephucula amandla okufunxa kunye nokubopha kunye nesiphumo sokungaguquguquki kombane kunye nokucinezelwa komaleko ombane ophindwe kabini. Ngale ndlela, uthotho lwee-polyacrylamide flocculants okanye ii-coagulants ezineempawu ezahlukeneyo zifunyanwa ngokusekelwe kwi-PAM.
Kwindlela yokucola amanzi amdaka, ngamanye amaxesha i-flocculant enye ayinakukwazi ukufezekisa isiphumo esihle sokucola, kwaye kudla ngokuba yimfuneko ukongeza ezinye ii-arhente ezincedisayo ukuphucula isiphumo sokucola. Le arhente encedisayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-coagulant aid. Ii-coagulants ezisetyenziswa rhoqo yi-chlorine, ilayimu, i-activated silicic acid, i-bone glue kunye ne-sodium alginate, i-activated carbon kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo zodongwe.
Ezinye ii-coagulants ngokwazo azidlali indima ekujikeni kwe-coagulation, kodwa ngokulungelelanisa nokuphucula iimeko zokujikanisa, zidlala indima yokunceda ii-flocculants ukuba zivelise iziphumo zokujikanisa. Ezinye ii-coagulants zithatha inxaxheba ekwakhiweni kwee-floc, ziphucule ulwakhiwo lwee-floc, kwaye zinokwenza ii-floc ezincinci nezikhululekileyo eziveliswa zii-inorganic flocculants zibe zii-floc eziqinileyo neziqinileyo.
4. Isicoci
Izithambisi, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-agents zokukhupha amanzi emzimbeni, zinokwahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: izithambisi ezingaphiliyo kunye nezithambisi eziphilayo. Izithambisi ezingaphiliyo ngokubanzi zifanelekile ekuhluzweni kwe-vacuum kunye nokuhluzwa kwepleyiti kunye nefreyimu yodaka, ngelixa izithambisi eziphilayo zifanelekile ekuhluzweni kwe-centrifugal kunye nokuhluzwa kwe-belt filter yodaka.
5. ubudlelwane phakathiii-flocculants, ii-coagulants, kunye nee-conditioners
I-arhente yokuphelisa amanzi emzimbeni yi-arhente eyongezwa ngaphambi kokuba i-sludge iphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni, oko kukuthi, i-arhente yokulungisa amanzi emzimbeni, ngoko ke intsingiselo ye-arhente yokuphelisa amanzi emzimbeni kunye ne-arhente yokulungisa amanzi emzimbeni iyafana. Umlinganiselo we-arhente yokuphelisa amanzi emzimbeni okanye i-arhente yokulungisa amanzi ngokubanzi ubalwa njengepesenti yobunzima bezinto ezomileyo ze-sludge.
Ii-Flocculant zisetyenziselwa ukususa izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo kwilindle kwaye zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwicandelo lokunyanga amanzi. Umthamo we-flocculant ubonakaliswa ngokubanzi bubungakanani obongeziweyo kumthamo wamanzi afanele anyangwe.
Umlinganiselo we-arhente yokuphelisa amanzi emzimbeni (i-arhente yokulungisa), i-flocculant, kunye ne-coagulation aid ingabizwa ngokuba yi-dosage. I-arhente efanayo ingasetyenziswa njenge-flocculant ekunyangweni kwamanzi amdaka, kwaye ingasetyenziswa njenge-conditioner okanye i-arhente yokukhupha amanzi emzimbeni ekunyangweni kodaka olugqithisileyo.
IiCoagulants zibizwa ngokuba ziicoagulants xa zisetyenziswa njenge-flocculants kwicandelo lokunyanga amanzi. Ezi coagulants zifanayo azibizwa ngokuba zii-coagulants kunyango lwe-sludge egqithisileyo, kodwa xa zizonke zibizwa ngokuba zii-conditioners okanye ii-dehydrating agents.
Xa usebenzisai-flocculant, ekubeni ubungakanani bezinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo emanzini bulinganiselwe, ukuze kufezekiswe unxibelelwano olupheleleyo phakathi kwe-flocculant kunye neesuntswana ezixhonyiweyo, izixhobo zokuxuba kunye ne-reaction kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngexesha elaneleyo. Umzekelo, ukuxuba kuthatha amashumi emizuzwana ukuya kwimizuzu embalwa, I-reaction ifuna imizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30. Xa i-sludge isuswa emanzini, kudla ngokuthatha amashumi ambalwa emizuzwana ukusuka xa i-conditioner yongezwa kwi-sludge ingena kumatshini wokukhupha amanzi, oko kukuthi, inkqubo yokuxuba kuphela elingana ne-flocculant, kwaye akukho xesha lokuphendula, kwaye amava abonise ukuba isiphumo se-conditioner siya kwanda ngokuhlala. yehla ngokuhamba kwexesha.
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Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-09-2022