1. Yintoni i-flocculants, coagulants kunye ne-coagulants?
Ezi arhente zinokwahlulwa ngokwezi ndidi zilandelayo ngokosetyenziso olwahlukileyo kunyango lokuhluza i-sludge press:
I-Flocculant: ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-coagulant, inokusetyenziswa njengendlela yokomeleza ukwahlula okuqinileyo-ulwelo, olusetyenziswa kwitanki yentlenga esisiseko, itanki yentlenga yesibini, itanki yokudada kunye nonyango lwenqanaba lesithathu okanye inkqubo yonyango ephezulu.
Uncedo lwe-Coagulation: Iiflocculants ezincedisayo zidlala indima yokuphucula umphumo wokudibanisa.
I-Conditioner: Ikwaziwa njenge-arhente yokukhupha amanzi, isetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-sludge eseleyo ngaphambi kokunkcenkceshela, kwaye iintlobo zayo ziquka ezinye zeeflocculants ezikhankanywe ngasentla kunye ne-coagulants.
2. I-Flocculant
I-Flocculants ludidi lwezinto ezinokunciphisa okanye ziphelise ukuzinza kwemvula kunye nokuzinza kwe-polymerization yamasuntswana asasaziweyo emanzini, kwaye zenze amasuntswana asasaziweyo aglomerate kwaye ajikeleze abe ngamaqela ukuze asuswe.
Ngokokwakheka kweekhemikhali, i-flocculants inokwahlulwa ibe yi-inorganic flocculants kunye ne-organic flocculants.
Iiflocculants ezingaphiliyo
Iiflocculants zemveli ze-inorganic flocculants ziityuwa ze-molecular aluminiyam kunye neetyuwa zentsimbi. Iityuwa ze-aluminium ikakhulu ziquka i-aluminium sulfate (AL2(SO4)3∙18H2O), i-alum (AL2(SO4)3∙K2SO4∙24H2O), i-sodium aluminate (NaALO3), iityuwa zentsimbi ikakhulu ziquka i-ferric chloride (FeCL3∙6H20), i-ferrous sulfate I-FeSO4∙6H20) kunye ne-ferric sulfate (Fe2 (SO4) 3∙2H20).
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-flocculants ye-inorganic ineempawu zokufumaneka lula kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukulungiswa okulula, ixabiso eliphantsi, kunye nefuthe lonyango eliphakathi, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunyango lwamanzi.
Inorganic polymer flocculant
I-hydroxyl kunye ne-oxygen-based polymers ye-Al (III) kunye ne-Fe (III) iya kudibaniswa ngakumbi ibe yi-aggregates, eya kugcinwa kwisisombululo samanzi phantsi kweemeko ezithile, kwaye ubungakanani bawo buya kuba kwi-nanometer range. Isiphumo sedosi ephezulu.
Ukuthelekisa ukusabela kwabo kunye namazinga e-polymerization, ukuphendulwa kwe-polymer ye-aluminium kuncinci kwaye ukumila kuzinzile, ngelixa i-polymer ye-hydrolyzed yensimbi isabela ngokukhawuleza kwaye ilahleka ngokulula ukuzinza kunye ne-precipitates.
Uncedo lwe-inorganic polymer flocculants lubonakaliswa ngokuba lusebenza ngakumbi kuneflocculants zemveli ezifana ne-aluminium sulfate kunye ne-ferric chloride, kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi kune-organic polymer flocculants. Ngoku i-Polyaluminium chloride isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lonikezelo lwamanzi, amanzi amdaka emizi-mveliso kunye nogutyulo lwasezidolophini, kubandakanywa ukunyangwa kwangaphambili, unyango oluphakathi kunye nonyango oluphambili, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe luye lwaba yinto eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwemigaqo ye-morphology, i-degree of polymerization kunye ne-coagulation-flocculation effect ehambelanayo, i-polymer flocculants ye-inorganic flocculants isekwimo phakathi kwee-flocculants zetyuwa zentsimbi kunye ne-organic polymer flocculants.
Polyaluminium chloride, pac,msds policloruro de aluminio,cas no 1327 41 9,policloruro de aluminio,pac chemical yokucoca amanzi,poly aluminiyam chloride, ekubhekiselwa kuyo njenge PAC, ine formula yemichiza ALn(OH)mCL3n-m. I-PAC yi-electrolyte eninzi enokunciphisa kakhulu intlawulo ye-colloidal yokungcola okufana nodongwe (iintlawulo ezininzi ezimbi) emanzini. Ngenxa yobunzima obukhulu bemolekyuli kunye nomthamo owomeleleyo we-adsorption, iiflokhi ezenziweyo zikhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kwe-flocculation kunye nentlenga kungcono kunezinye iiflocculants.
i-poly aluminium chloride ineqondo eliphezulu lepolymerization, kwaye ukuvuselela ngokukhawuleza emva kokudibanisa kunokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokubunjwa kwefloc. i-poly aluminium chloride PAC ayichatshazelwa kancinci ngubushushu bamanzi, kwaye isebenza kakuhle xa ubushushu bamanzi buphantsi. Iyanciphisa ixabiso le-pH lamanzi ngaphantsi, kwaye uluhlu lwe-pH olusebenzayo lubanzi (lunokusetyenziswa kuluhlu lwe-pH = 5 ~ 9), ngoko akuyimfuneko ukongeza i-agent ye-alkaline. Idosi yePAC incinci, isixa sodaka oluveliswayo nalo luncinci, kwaye ukusetyenziswa, ulawulo kunye nokusebenza kulula ngakumbi, kwaye aludleki kangako kwizixhobo kunye nemibhobho. Ngoko ke, i-PAC inotyekelo lokutshintshela ngokuthe ngcembe i-aluminium sulfate kwintsimi yokucoca amanzi, kunye nokungalunganga kwayo kukuba ixabiso liphezulu kunelo le-flocculants yendabuko.
Ukongeza, ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga i-chemistry yesisombululo,PAC poly aluminiyam chlorideyimveliso ephakathi yekinetic ye-hydrolysis-polymerization-precipitation reaction process yetyuwa ye-aluminiyam, engazinzanga nge-thermodynamically. Ngokubanzi, iimveliso zePAC ezilulwelo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngexesha elifutshane (iimveliso eziqinileyo zinentsebenzo ezinzileyo). , inokugcinwa ixesha elide). Ukongeza ezinye iityuwa inorganic (ezifana CaCl2, MnCl2, njl.) okanye macromolecules (ezifana polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, njl.) kunokuphucula uzinzo PAC, kwaye kunokwandisa isakhono umanyano.
Ngokwemigaqo yenkqubo yokuvelisa, i-anion enye okanye ezininzi ezahlukeneyo (ezifana ne-SO42-, PO43-, njl. njl.) ziyaziswa kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-PAC, kunye nesakhiwo se-polymer kunye nokusabalalisa kwe-morphological kunokutshintshwa ukuya kwinqanaba elithile nge-polymerization, ngaloo ndlela. ukuphuculwa kozinzo nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwePAC; ukuba amanye amacandelo e-cationic, afana ne-Fe3+, aqaliswa kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-PAC ukwenza i-Al3+ kunye ne-Fe3+ igxadazele i-hydrolytically polymerized, i-composite flocculant polyaluminium iron inokufumaneka.
Organic polymer flocculant
I-Synthetic organic polymer flocculants ikakhulu i-polypropylene kunye ne-polyethylene izinto, ezifana ne-polyacrylamide kunye ne-polyethyleneimine. Ezi flocculants zonke macromolecules enyibilikayo emanzini-enyibilikayo linear, macromolecule nganye iqulathe iiyunithi ezininzi eziphindaphindayo eziqulathe amaqela icala, ngoko ke zikwabizwa polyelectrolytes. Abo baqulethwe ngamaqela ahlaziywa kakuhle yi-cationic polyelectrolytes, kwaye abo baqulethwe ngamaqela ahlawuliswa kakubi i-anionic polyelectrolytes, engabandakanyi amaqela afanelekileyo okanye ahlawuliswa kakubi, kwaye abizwa ngokuba yi-nonionic polyelectrolytes.
Okwangoku, i-polymer flocculants esetyenziswa kakhulu i-anionic, kwaye inokudlala indima kuphela ekuncedeni ukudibanisa ukungcola kwe-colloidal embi emanzini. Amaxesha amaninzi ayinakusetyenziswa yodwa, kodwa isetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa neetyuwa zealuminiyam kunye neetyuwa zentsimbi. I-Cationic flocculants inokudlala indima ye-coagulation kunye ne-flocculation ngexesha elifanayo kwaye isetyenziswe yodwa, ngoko ke iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza.
Okwangoku, iipolymers ze-polyacrylamide ezingenayo i-ionic zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwilizwe lam, ezihlala zisetyenziswa ngokudibanisa nesinyithi kunye neetyuwa ze-aluminium. Impembelelo yombane ye-neutralization ye-iron kunye ne-aluminium ityuwa kwiincinci ze-colloidal kunye nomsebenzi ogqwesileyo we-flocculation we-polymer flocculants zisetyenziselwa ukufumana imiphumo yonyango eyanelisayo. I-Polyacrylamide ineempawu zedosi encinci, isantya esikhawulezayo sokudibanisa, kunye neeflocs ezinkulu kunye ezinzima ezisetyenziswayo. I-80% ye-synthetic organic polymer flocculants eveliswa ngoku kwilizwe lam yile mveliso.
I-Polyacrylamide PAM, i-polyelectrolyte isebenzisa, i-polyelectrolyte cationic powder, i-cationic polyelectrolyte, i-cationic polymer, i-cationic polyacrylamide yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-synthetic organic polymer flocculant, i-polyelectrolyte, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa njenge-coagulant. Imveliso ekrwada ye-polyacrylamide yi-polyacrylonitrile CH2=CHCN. Phantsi kweemeko ezithile, i-acrylonitrile i-hydrolyzed ukuze yenze i-acrylamide, kwaye i-acrylamide ixhomekeke kwi-polymerization yokunqunyanyiswa ukufumana i-polyacrylamide. I-Polyacrylamide yi-resin e-soluble yamanzi, kwaye iimveliso ziyi-granular eqinile kunye nesisombululo se-aqueous e-viscous kunye noxinzelelo oluthile.
Olona hlobo lukhoyo lwepolyacrylamide emanzini lukhoyili olungacwangciswanga. Ngenxa yokuba i-coil engahleliwe inobungakanani obuthile kunye namaqela athile e-amide kumphezulu wayo, inokudlala ibhuloho ehambelanayo kunye nomthamo we-adsorption, oko kukuthi, inomlinganiselo othile wamasuntswana. umthamo othile weflocculation.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ikhonkco elide le-polyacrylamide ligobekile kwikhoyili, uluhlu lwayo lokuvala luncinci. Emva kokuba amaqela amabini e-amide axhunyiwe, ilingana nokucinywa kwentsebenziswano kunye nokulahlekelwa kweendawo ezimbini ze-adsorption. Ukongezelela, amanye amaqela e-amide ahlanganiswe kwisakhiwo sekhoyili Ingaphakathi layo alikwazi ukudibanisa kunye nokubhengeza iincinci ezingcolileyo emanzini, ngoko ke amandla ayo okubhengezwa angenakwenziwa ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuze ukwahlula amaqela e-amide adibeneyo kwakhona kwaye aveze amaqela e-amide afihliweyo ngaphandle, abantu bazama ukwandisa i-coil engahleliwe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye bazame ukongeza amanye amaqela kunye neecations okanye anions kwikhonkco elide le-molecular , ngelixa bephucula i-adsorption kunye ukukwazi ukubopha ibhulorho kunye nesiphumo sokungathathi hlangothi kombane kunye nokunyanzeliswa kombane ophindwe kabini. Ngale ndlela, uluhlu lwe-polyacrylamide flocculants okanye i-coagulants eneempawu ezahlukeneyo zithathwe kwisiseko se-PAM.
Kunyango lwe-coagulation yamanzi amdaka, ngamanye amaxesha i-flocculant enye ayinakufezekisa isiphumo esihle sokudibanisa, kwaye kudla ngokuyimfuneko ukongeza ezinye ii-agent ezincedisayo ukuphucula i-coagulation effect. Le arhente yokuncedisa ibizwa ngokuba yi-coagulation aid. I-coagulants esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-chlorine, i-lime, i-asilicic acid esebenzayo, i-bone glue kunye ne-alginate ye-sodium, i-carbon activated kunye nodongwe ohlukeneyo.
Ezinye ii-coagulants ngokwazo azidlali indima kwi-coagulation, kodwa ngokulungelelanisa kunye nokuphucula iimeko ze-coagulation, zidlala indima yokuncedisa i-flocculants ukuvelisa iziphumo ze-coagulation. Ezinye ii-coagulants zithatha inxaxheba ekubunjweni kweeflocs, ukuphucula ubume be-flocs, kwaye zinokwenza iiflocs ezintle kunye ezikhululekile eziveliswe yi-inorganic flocculants zibe yi-coarse and tight floc.
4. I-Conditioner
Ii-conditioners, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-agent eziphelisa amanzi emzimbeni, zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: i-inorganic conditioners kunye ne-organic conditioners. I-inorganic conditioners ifanelekile ngokubanzi ukuhluzwa kwe-vacuum kunye nepleyiti kunye nefreyimu yokucoca i-sludge, ngelixa i-organic conditioners ifanelekile ukuchithwa kwe-centrifugal kunye ne-belt filtering dewatering of sludge.
5.ubudlelwane phakathiii-flocculants, i-coagulants, kunye ne-conditioners
I-agent ye-dehydrating i-arhente eyongeziweyo ngaphambi kokuba i-sludge iphelelwe ngamanzi, oko kukuthi, i-agent ye-conditioning ye-sludge, ngoko ke intsingiselo ye-agent ye-dehydrating kunye ne-ejenti yokumisela iyafana. Idosi ye-ejenti yokukhupha amanzi okanye i-ejenti yokulungelelanisa ngokubanzi ibalwa njengepesenti yobunzima bezinto eziqinileyo ezomileyo zodaka.
I-flocculants isetyenziselwa ukususa izinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo kugutyulo kwaye ziyi-agent ezibalulekileyo kwintsimi yokucoca amanzi. Idosi ye-flocculant ibonakaliswe ngokubanzi ngexabiso elongeziweyo kumthamo weyunithi yamanzi ukuba aphathwe.
Idosi ye-agent ye-dehydrating (i-agent ye-conditioning), i-flocculant, kunye ne-coagulation aid inokubizwa ngokuba yi-dosage. I-ejenti efanayo ingasetyenziselwa njenge-flocculant kunyango lwamanzi amdaka, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa njenge-conditioner okanye i-dewatering agent kunyango lwe-sludge engaphezulu.
I-coagulants ibizwa ngokuba yi-coagulants xa isetyenziswe njenge-flocculants kwintsimi yokucoca amanzi. I-coagulants efanayo ayibizwa ngokuba yi-coagulants kunyango lwe-sludge engaphezulu, kodwa ngokudibeneyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-conditioners okanye i-dehydrating agents.
Xa usebenzisa iflocculant, ekubeni ubungakanani bezinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo emanzini zilinganiselwe, ukuze kuphunyezwe uqhagamshelwano olupheleleyo phakathi kwe-flocculant kunye neengqungquthela ezimisiweyo, izixhobo zokuxuba kunye nokuphendula kufuneka zixhotywe ngexesha elaneleyo. Umzekelo, ukuxuba kuthatha amashumi emizuzwana ukuya kwimizuzu emininzi, Ukusabela kufuna i-15 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-30. Xa i-sludge ichithwa, ihlala ithatha amashumi ambalwa emizuzwana ukusuka xa i-conditioner yongezwa kwi-sludge engena kumatshini wokukhupha amanzi, oko kukuthi, kuphela inkqubo yokuxuba elingana ne-flocculant, kwaye akukho xesha lokuphendula, kwaye amava analo. Kwakhona kubonisiwe ukuba umphumo wokulungisa uya kunyuka ngokuhlala. yehla ngokuhamba kwexesha.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-09-2022