Iipolymers ezifunxa kakhulu zaphuhliswa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1960. Ngo-1961, iNorthern Research Institute yeSebe lezoLimo lase-US yafaka isitatshi kwi-acrylonitrile okokuqala ukuze yenze i-HSPAN starch acrylonitrile graft copolymer eyayidlula izinto zemveli ezifunxa amanzi. Ngo-1978, iSanyo Chemical Co., Ltd. yaseJapan yakhokela ekusebenziseni iipolymers ezifunxa kakhulu kwiinapile ezilahlwayo, nto leyo eye yatsala ingqalelo yezazinzulu ezivela kwihlabathi liphela. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, i-UCC Corporation yase-United States yacebisa ukudibanisa iipolymers ezahlukeneyo ze-olefin oxide kunye nonyango lwemitha, kwaye yavelisa iipolymers ezifunxa kakhulu ezingezizo i-ionic ezinomthamo wokufunxa amanzi amaxesha angama-2000, ngaloo ndlela yavula ukwenziwa kweepolymers ezifunxa kakhulu ezingezizo i-ionic. Umnyango. Ngo-1983, iSanyo Chemicals yaseJapan yasebenzisa i-potassium acrylate phambi kwee-diene compounds ezifana ne-methacrylamide ukuze i-polymerise iipolymers ezifunxa kakhulu. Emva koko, le nkampani iqhubekile nokuvelisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zepolymer ezifunxayo eziquka i-polyacrylic acid eguquliweyo kunye ne-polyacrylamide. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane edlulileyo, izazinzulu ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo ziye zaphuhlisa ngokulandelelana zenza iipolymer ezifunxayo zikhule ngokukhawuleza kumazwe kwihlabathi liphela. Okwangoku, amaqela amathathu amakhulu emveliso yeJapan Shokubai, Sanyo Chemical kunye neStockhausen yaseJamani enze imeko enamanqanaba amathathu. Balawula i-70% yemarike yehlabathi namhlanje, kwaye baqhuba imisebenzi edibeneyo yamazwe ngamazwe ngokusebenzisana kwezobugcisa ukuze balawule imakethi ephezulu yawo onke amazwe ehlabathini. Ilungelo lokuthengisa iipolymer ezifunxayo amanzi. Iipolymer ezifunxayo kakhulu zinoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa kunye namathuba amaninzi okusetyenziswa. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kwayo okuphambili kuseziimveliso zococeko, ezimalunga ne-70% yemarike iyonke.
Ekubeni i-sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent resin inomthamo omkhulu wokufunxa amanzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokugcina amanzi, inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo njengearhente yokugcina amanzi emhlabeni kwezolimo namahlathi. Ukuba inani elincinci le-sodium polyacrylate efunxa kakhulu yongezwa emhlabeni, izinga lokuhluma kwezinye iimbotyi kunye nokumelana nembalela kweembotyi sprouts kunokuphuculwa, kwaye ukungena komoya emhlabeni kunokuphuculwa. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuthanda amanzi kunye neempawu ezintle zokulwa nokugqwala kunye nokuchasana nokufuma kwe-resin efunxa kakhulu, ingasetyenziswa njengezinto ezintsha zokupakisha. Ifilimu yokupakisha eyenziwe ngeempawu ezikhethekileyo ze-super absorbent polymer inokugcina ngokufanelekileyo ubutsha bokutya. Ukongeza inani elincinci le-super absorbent polymer kwizinto zokuthambisa kunokunyusa i-viscosity ye-emulsion, eyi-thickener efanelekileyo. Ukusebenzisa iimpawu ze-super absorbent polymer efunxa amanzi kuphela kodwa hayi ioyile okanye izinyibilikisi ze-organic, ingasetyenziswa njengearhente yokukhupha amanzi kushishino.
Ngenxa yokuba iipolymers ezifunxa kakhulu azinabungozi, azicaphukisi umzimba womntu, azibangeli miphumo emibi, kwaye azibangeli ukujiya kwegazi, ziye zasetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo lezonyango kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Umzekelo, isetyenziselwa izithambiso zasekhaya ezinamanzi amaninzi kwaye kulula ukuzisebenzisa; ukuvelisa iibhanti zonyango kunye neebhola zekotoni ezinokufunxa ukopha kunye nokukhupha okuphuma kutyando kunye nokwenzakala, kwaye zinokuthintela ukudumba; ukuvelisa iiarhente zokulwa neentsholongwane ezinokudlulisa amanzi kunye namayeza kodwa kungekhona iintsholongwane. Ulusu olusulelayo, njl.
Ngophuhliso lwesayensi netekhnoloji, ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo luye lwatsala ingqalelo engakumbi. Ukuba i-polymer efunxayo kakhulu ifakwa kwingxowa enyibilikayo kwilindle, kwaye ingxowa intywiliselwa kwilindle, xa ingxowa inyibilika, i-polymer efunxayo kakhulu inokufunxa ulwelo ngokukhawuleza ukuze iqinise ilindle.
Kwishishini le-elektroniki, iipolymers ezifunxa kakhulu zingasetyenziswa njengee-sensors zokufuma, ii-sensors zokulinganisa ukufuma, kunye nee-detectors zokuvuza kwamanzi. Iipolymers ezifunxa kakhulu zingasetyenziswa njengee-heavy metal ion absorbents kunye nezinto ezifunxa ioyile.
Ngamafutshane, i-super-absorbent polymer luhlobo lwezinto ze-polymer ezinokusetyenziswa okubanzi kakhulu. Uphuhliso olunamandla lwe-super-absorbent polymer resin lunamandla amakhulu emarike. Kulo nyaka, phantsi kweemeko zembalela kunye nemvula encinci kwiindawo ezininzi ezisemantla elizwe lam, indlela yokukhuthaza nokusebenzisa ii-superabsorbent polymers ngumsebenzi ongxamisekileyo ojongene noososayensi bezolimo namahlathi kunye neengcali. Ngexesha lokuphunyezwa kweSicwangciso soPhuhliso saseNtshona, kumsebenzi wokuphucula umhlaba, phuhlisa ngamandla kwaye usebenzise imisebenzi emininzi esebenzayo yee-super-absorbent polymers, ezineenzuzo zentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho ezinokubakho. I-Zhuhai Demi Chemicals igubungela indawo engaphezulu kwama-30,000 square metres. Igxile kuphando nophuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kweemveliso ezinxulumene nezinto ezifunxa kakhulu (SAP). Yinkampani yokuqala yasekhaya ebandakanyeka kwii-super-absorbent resins ezidibanisa uphando lwesayensi, imveliso, intengiso, kunye neenkonzo zobugcisa. Le nkampani inamalungelo epropathi yengqondo azimeleyo, ubuchule obuqinileyo bophando nophuhliso, kwaye ihlala iqalisa iimveliso ezintsha. Le projekthi ifakiwe kwi "sicwangciso setotshi" sikazwelonke kwaye inconywe amaxesha amaninzi ngoorhulumente besizwe, bephondo kunye noomasipala.
Indawo yesicelo
1. Izicelo kwezolimo nakwigadi
I-resin efunxayo kakhulu esetyenziswa kwezolimo nakwizityalo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-arhente yokugcina amanzi kunye ne-conditioner yomhlaba. Ilizwe lam lilizwe elinokungabikho kwamanzi amaninzi ehlabathini. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwee-arhente zokugcina amanzi kuya kuba yinto ebaluleke ngakumbi. Okwangoku, amaziko ophando asekhaya angaphezu kweshumi elinesibini aphuhlise iimveliso ze-resin ezifunxayo kakhulu zeenkozo, umqhaphu, ioyile, kunye neswekile. , Icuba, iziqhamo, imifuno, amahlathi kunye nezinye iintlobo zezityalo ezingaphezu kwama-60, indawo yokukhuthaza idlula iihektare ezingama-70,000, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwe-resin efunxayo kakhulu eMntla-ntshona, e-Inner Mongolia nakwezinye iindawo zokulima i-greening yesanti enkulu. Ii-resin ezifunxayo kakhulu ezisetyenziswa kweli candelo ikakhulu ziimveliso ezidityaniswe ne-starch acrylate polymer kunye neemveliso ezidityaniswe ne-acrylamide-acrylate copolymer, apho ityuwa itshintshe ukusuka kuhlobo lwe-sodium ukuya kuhlobo lwe-potassium. Iindlela eziphambili ezisetyenziswayo kukufaka imbewu, ukutshiza, ukufaka imingxunya, okanye ukumanzisa iingcambu zezityalo emva kokuxuba namanzi ukwenza intlama. Kwangaxeshanye, i-resin efunxayo kakhulu ingasetyenziselwa ukugquma isichumiso ize ifake isichumiso, ukuze inike amandla apheleleyo kwisantya sokusetyenziswa kwesichumiso kwaye ithintele inkunkuma kunye nongcoliseko. Amazwe angaphandle nawo asebenzisa i-resin efunxayo kakhulu njengezinto zokupakisha ezitsha zeziqhamo, imifuno kunye nokutya.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kwezonyango nococeko kusetyenziswa kakhulu njengee-napkin zococeko, ii-napkin zosana, ii-napkin, ii-ayisikhili zonyango; izixhobo zevumba ezifana nejeli ezisetyenziswa imihla ngemihla ukulungisa umoya. Isetyenziswa njengesixhobo esisisiseko sezonyango kwi-ointments, ii-creams, ii-liniments, ii-cataplasms, njl.njl., inemisebenzi yokufumisa, ukutyeba, ukungena kwesikhumba kunye nokucoca. Inokwenziwa ibe yi-carrier ekrelekrele elawula ubungakanani beyeza elikhutshwayo, ixesha lokukhululwa, kunye nendawo yokukhululwa.
3. Isicelo kushishino
Sebenzisa umsebenzi we-resin efunxayo kakhulu ukufunxa amanzi kubushushu obuphezulu kwaye ukhulule amanzi kubushushu obuphantsi ukwenza i-arhente engangenisi umswakama kwimizi-mveliso. Kwimisebenzi yokubuyisela ioyile ye-oyile, ingakumbi kwiindawo ze-oyile ezindala, ukusetyenziswa kwezisombululo zamanzi ze-polyacrylamide ezinobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu bokuhambisa ioyile kusebenza kakhulu. Ingasetyenziselwa nokuphelisa amanzi kwi-organic solvents, ngakumbi kwi-organic solvents ezine-polarity ephantsi. Kukwakho nezithina zoshishino, iipeyinti ezinyibilikayo emanzini, njl.njl.
4.Isicelo ekwakheni
Izinto ezidumba ngokukhawuleza ezisetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zokugcina amanzi yi-resin ecocekileyo efunxa kakhulu, esetyenziswa kakhulu ekuvaleni iitonela zamadama ngexesha lezikhukula, kunye nokuvala amanzi kwiindawo ezidityanisiweyo ezenziwe ngaphambili zeziseko zangaphantsi, iitonela kunye neendlela ezingaphantsi komhlaba; ezisetyenziselwa unyango lwelindle kunye neeprojekthi zokumba amanzi amdaka ezidolophini. Udaka luyaqina ukuze kube lula ukumba kunye nokuthuthwa.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-08-2021