I-Flocculantidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-"industrial panacea", eneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa. Njengendlela yokuqinisa ukwahlulwahlulwa kolwelo oluqinileyo kwicandelo lokunyanga amanzi, ingasetyenziselwa ukuqinisa ukuna kwenkunkuma yokuqala, unyango lokudada kunye nokuna kwenkunkuma yesibini emva kwendlela esebenzayo yokudaka. Ingasetyenziselwa unyango lwesithathu okanye unyango oluphambili lwamanzi amdaka. Kunyango lwamanzi, kudla ngokubakho izinto ezithile ezichaphazela isiphumo sokujiya (umthamo weekhemikhali), ezi zinto zinzima ngakumbi, kubandakanya ubushushu bamanzi, ixabiso le-pH kunye ne-alkalinity, uhlobo kunye noxinzelelo lokungcola emanzini, iimeko zangaphandle zokugcina amanzi, njl.
1. Impembelelo yobushushu bamanzi
Ubushushu bamanzi bunempembelelo enkulu ekusetyenzisweni kweziyobisi, nakubushushu obuphantsi bamanzi ebusika
inempembelelo enkulu ekusetyenzisweni kweziyobisi, nto leyo edla ngokukhokelela ekwakhekeni kancinci kwee-flocs ezinamasuntswana amancinci nakhululekileyo. Izizathu eziphambili zezi:
Ukutsalwa kwe-hydrolysis yee-coagulants zetyuwa ezingaphiliyo yi-endothermic reaction, kwaye ukutsalwa kwe-hydrolysis yee-coagulants zamanzi ezinobushushu obuphantsi kunzima.
Ubuninzi bamanzi anobushushu obuphantsi bukhulu, nto leyo enciphisa intshukumo yamasuntswana angcolileyo kwi-Brownian motion
inciphisa amathuba okungqubana, nto leyo engayi kunceda ekuphazamisekeni nasekuhlanganiseni kwee-colloids kwaye ichaphazela ukukhula kwee-flocs.
Xa ubushushu bamanzi buphantsi, ukufuma kwamanzi kwiinxalenye ze-colloidal kuyaphucuka, nto leyo ethintela ukuhlangana kweenxalenye ze-colloidal, kwaye ikwachaphazela amandla okunamathelana phakathi kweenxalenye ze-colloidal.
Ubushushu bamanzi buhambelana ne-pH yamanzi. Xa ubushushu bamanzi buphantsi, ixabiso le-pH lamanzi liyanyuka, kwaye ixabiso le-pH elifanelekileyo elifanelekileyo lokujiya nalo liya kunyuka. Ke ngoko, ebusika kwiindawo ezibandayo, kunzima ukufumana isiphumo esihle sokujiya nokuba kongezwe inani elikhulu le-coagulant.
2. I-pH kunye ne-Alkalinity
Ixabiso le-pH libonisa ukuba amanzi ane-asidi okanye i-alkaline, oko kukuthi, isibonakaliso soxinzelelo lwe-H+ emanzini. Ixabiso le-pH lamanzi aluhlaza lichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo i-hydrolysis reaction ye-coagulant, oko kukuthi, xa ixabiso le-pH lamanzi aluhlaza likwinqanaba elithile, isiphumo sokuxinana sinokuqinisekiswa.
Xa i-coagulant yongezwa emanzini, uxinaniso lwe-H+ emanzini luyanda ngenxa ye-hydrolysis ye-coagulant, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ixabiso le-pH lamanzi lehle kwaye ithintele i-hydrolysis. Ukuze i-pH ihlale ikwinqanaba elifanelekileyo, amanzi kufuneka abe nezinto ze-alkaline ezaneleyo zokunciphisa i-H+. Amanzi endalo aqulathe inqanaba elithile le-alkaline (ngesiqhelo i-HCO3-), enokuthi inciphise i-H+ eveliswa ngexesha le-hydrolysis ye-coagulant, kwaye inefuthe lokuthintela kwixabiso le-pH. Xa i-alkaline yamanzi aluhlaza inganelanga okanye i-coagulant yongezwa kakhulu, ixabiso le-pH lamanzi liya kwehla kakhulu, litshabalalise isiphumo se-coagulation.
3. Impembelelo yendalo kunye noxinzelelo lokungcola emanzini
Ubungakanani besuntswana kunye nokutshaja kwe-SS emanzini kuya kuchaphazela isiphumo sokujiya. Ngokubanzi, ububanzi besuntswana buncinci kwaye buyafana, kwaye isiphumo sokujiya asilunganga; uxinano lwesuntswana emanzini luphantsi, kwaye amathuba okungqubana kwesuntswana mancinci, nto leyo engalunganga ekujiya; xa ukuxinana kukhulu, ukuze kuthintelwe i-colloid emanzini, ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali okufunekayo kuya kwanda kakhulu. Xa kukho inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo emanzini, inokufunxwa ziingceba zodongwe, ngaloo ndlela kutshintshe iimpawu zomphezulu weengceba zokuqala ze-colloidal, okwenza iingceba ze-colloidal zihlale zizinzile, nto leyo eya kuchaphazela kakhulu isiphumo sokujiya. Ngeli xesha, kufuneka kongezwe i-oxidant emanzini ukutshabalalisa isiphumo sezinto eziphilayo, kuphuculwe isiphumo sokujiya.
Iityuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo emanzini nazo zinokuchaphazela isiphumo sokujiya. Umzekelo, xa kukho inani elikhulu le-calcium kunye ne-magnesium ions emanzini endalo, iyakwazi ukujiya, ngelixa inani elikhulu le-Cl- lingakwazi ukujiya. Ngexesha lezikhukula, amanzi ashushu kakhulu ane-humus eninzi angena kwisityalo ngenxa yokukhuhla amanzi emvula, kwaye idosi ye-pre-chlorination kunye ne-coagulant esetyenziswa ngokubanzi isekelwe koku.
4. Impembelelo yeemeko zokugcinwa kwamanzi zangaphandle
Iimeko ezisisiseko zokuhlanganiswa kwee-colloidal particles kukuphazamisa ukuzinza kwee-colloidal particles, nokwenza ii-colloidal particles ezizinzileyo zingqubane. Umsebenzi ophambili we-coagulant kukuphazamisa ukuzinza kwee-colloidal particles, kwaye i-hydraulic agitation yangaphandle kukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-colloidal particles zinokuqhagamshelana ngokupheleleyo ne-coagulant, ukuze ii-colloidal particles zingqubane ukuze zenze ii-flocs.
Ukuze amasuntswana e-colloidal adibane ngokupheleleyo ne-coagulant, i-coagulant kufuneka isasazeke ngokukhawuleza nangokulinganayo kuzo zonke iindawo zomzimba wamanzi emva kokuba i-coagulant ifakwe emanzini, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-rapid mixing, efunekayo kwimizuzwana eli-10 ukuya kwengama-30 kwaye kungabi ngaphezu kwemizuzu emi-2 ubuninzi.
5. Impembelelo yomthwalo wempembelelo yamanzi
Ukuqhawuka kwamanzi kubhekisa ekuqhawukeni kwamanzi rhoqo okanye okungaqhawukiyo, okutshintsha ngequbuliso kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ezidolophini kwiindawo zamanzi kunye nokulungiswa komthamo wamanzi angaphezulu kuya kuchaphazela amanzi angena kwisityalo, ngakumbi kwinqanaba lokubonelela ngamanzi aphezulu ehlotyeni, okwenza amanzi angena kwisityalo atshintshe kakhulu, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuhlengahlengisweni rhoqo komthamo weekhemikhali. Kwaye isiphumo samanzi emva kokutshona asilunganga kangako. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba olu tshintsho alunyuki ngokuthe ngqo. Emva koko, qaphela ukujonga i-alum kwi-response tank, ukuze ungatshabalalisi isiphumo sokuxinana kwamanzi ngenxa yomthamo ogqithisileyo.
6. I-Flocculantamanyathelo okonga
Ukongeza kwezi zinto zingasentla, kukwakho neendlela zokonga amayeza, njengokwandisa inani lamaxesha okuxuba amanzi echibini, ukunciphisa ukuna kweengqayi eziqinileyo zeyeza, ukuzinzisa iyeza, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
Ukuba i-polyacrylamide ifuna ukonga iindleko zokusetyenziswa, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha imodeli efanelekileyo. Umgaqo kukukhetha i-polyacrylamide enesiphumo esihle sonyango, ebiza kakhulu ayisiyonto ilungileyo ngokuyimfuneko, kwaye ungazami ukuba nexabiso eliphantsi ukuze ubangele isiphumo esibi sonyango lwamanzi amdaka, kodwa wonyuse iindleko. Khetha i-arhente enganciphisi nje kuphela umxholo wokufuma kodaka, kodwa ikwanciphisa umthamo we-arhente yeyunithi. Yenza iimvavanyo ze-flocculation kwiisampuli zamayeza ezinikiweyo, khetha iintlobo ezimbini okanye ezintathu zamayeza aneziphumo ezilungileyo zovavanyo, uze wenze iimvavanyo zomatshini ngokulandelelana ukuze ubone isiphumo sokugqibela sodaka kwaye umisele uhlobo lokugqibela lwamayeza.
I-Polyacrylamide ngokubanzi ngamasuntswana aqinileyo. Kufuneka ilungiswe ibe yisisombululo samanzi esinokunyibilika okuthile. Uxinzelelo ludla ngokuba phakathi kwe-0.1% kunye ne-0.3%. Ukuba ixinene kakhulu okanye incinci kakhulu iya kuchaphazela isiphumo, ichithe iyeza, yonyuse iindleko, kwaye inyibilikise i-granular polymerization. Amanzi ento kufuneka acoceke (njengamanzi epompo), hayi amanzi amdaka. Amanzi kubushushu begumbi anele, ngokubanzi akukho kufudumeza kufunekayo. Xa ubushushu bamanzi buphantsi kwe-5 °C, ukunyibilika kuhamba kancinci kakhulu, kwaye isantya sokunyibilika siyakhawuleza xa ubushushu bamanzi busanda. Kodwa ngaphezulu kwe-40 ℃ kuya kukhawulezisa ukuwohloka kwe-polymer kwaye kuchaphazele isiphumo sokusetyenziswa. Ngokubanzi, amanzi epompo afanelekile ukulungiselela izisombululo ze-polymer. I-asidi enamandla, i-alkali enamandla, amanzi anetyuwa eninzi awafanelekanga ukulungiselela.
Nika ingqalelo kwixesha lokunyanga xa kulungiselelwa i-arhente, ukuze i-arhente inyibilike ngokupheleleyo emanzini kwaye ingadibani, kungenjalo ayizukubangela inkunkuma kuphela, kodwa ikwachaphazela nempembelelo yokuveliswa kodaka. Ilaphu lesihluzo kunye nombhobho nazo zinokubambeka, nto leyo ebangela inkunkuma ephindaphindwayo. Nje ukuba yenziwe isisombululo, ixesha lokugcina lilinganiselwe. Ngokubanzi, xa uxinzelelo lwesisombululo luyi-0.1%, isisombululo se-polymer esingeyiyo i-anionic akufuneki sidlule iveki enye, kwaye isisombululo se-polymer ye-cationic akufuneki sidlule usuku olunye.
Emva kokulungiswa kweyeza, ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthatha idosi, qwalasela utshintsho lomgangatho wodaka kunye nefuthe lodaka, kwaye ulungise umthamo weyeza ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuze ufumane umlinganiselo ongcono wokuthatha idosi.
Eli yeza kufuneka ligcinwe kwindawo yokugcina izinto eyomileyo, kwaye ingxowa yamayeza kufuneka ivalwe. Xa lisetyenziswa, sebenzisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye uvale iyeza elingasetyenziswanga ukuze uphephe ukufuma. Xa kulungiswa amayeza, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ungalungisi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye ulwelo olubekwe ixesha elide lunyibilikiswa lula kwaye alunakusetyenziswa.
Izixhobo ezisebenza kakuhle, iqela leengcali zengeniso, kunye neenkonzo ezingcono emva kokuthengisa; Sikwangusapho olukhulu olumanyeneyo, nabani na ohlala nombutho uxabisa "umanyano, ukuzimisela, ukunyamezelana" kwiingcaphuno zeI-PolyacrylamideI-Flocculamide Anionic Cationic Nonionic Water Treatment Polyacrylamide, Siyabamkela ngokufudumeleyo abahlobo abavela kuzo zonke iindlela zokuphila zemihla ngemihla ukuzingela intsebenziswano kunye nokwakha ikamva eliqaqambileyo nelihle.
Iikowuteshini zoNyango lwaManzi amdaka kunye neekhemikhali zaseTshayina, Ngamandla aqinileyo kunye nekhredithi ethembekileyo, besilapha ukukhonza abathengi bethu ngokubonelela ngomgangatho ophezulu kunye nenkonzo, kwaye siyayixabisa kakhulu inkxaso yakho. Siza kuzama ukugcina udumo lwethu olukhulu njengomthengisi weempahla obalaseleyo kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye izimvo, kuya kufunekanxibelelana nathingokukhululekileyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-04-2022