Mandazise iSAP onomdla kuyo mva nje!Ipolymer yeSuper Absorbent (SAP) luhlobo olutsha lwemathiriyeli esebenzayo yepolymer.Inomsebenzi ophezulu wokufunxa amanzi ofunxa amanzi kumakhulu aliqela ukuya kumawaka aliqela amaxesha anzima kunawo, kwaye inomsebenzi ogqwesileyo wokugcinwa kwamanzi.Nje ukuba ifunxe amanzi kwaye idumbe kwi-hydrogel, kunzima ukwahlula amanzi nokuba icinezelwe.Ke ngoko, inoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neemveliso zococeko lomntu, imveliso yefektri kunye nezolimo, kunye nobunjineli boluntu.
I-resin ephezulu ye-absorbent luhlobo lwe-macromolecules equkethe amaqela e-hydrophilic kunye nesakhiwo esidibeneyo.Yaveliswa okokuqala nguFanta kunye nabanye ngokufakela isitashi ngepolyacrylonitrile emva koko saponifying.Ngokutsho izinto ekrwada, kukho isitatshi series (grafted, carboxymethylated, njl.), cellulose series (carboxymethylated, grafted, njl.), Synthetic polymer series (polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxy Ethylene series, njl. .Xa kuthelekiswa nesitatshi kunye neselulosi, i-polyacrylic acid superabsorbent resin inothotho lweenzuzo ezifana neendleko eziphantsi zemveliso, inkqubo elula, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, amandla okufunxa amanzi awomeleleyo, kunye nobomi beshelufa bemveliso ende.Iye yaba yeyona ndawo iphambili yophando kulo mmandla.
Uthini umgaqo wale mveliso?Okwangoku, i-polyacrylic acid ibalelwa kwi-80% yemveliso yentlaka efunxa kakhulu yehlabathi.I-resin super absorbent ngokuqhelekileyo i-polymer electrolyte equkethe iqela le-hydrophilic kunye nesakhiwo esidibeneyo.Ngaphambi kokufunxa amanzi, amatyathanga epolymer asondelelene kwaye adityaniswe kunye, adityaniswe ngokunqamlezileyo ukwenza ulwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi, ukuze kufezekiswe ukuqina ngokubanzi.Xa udibana namanzi, iimolekyuli zamanzi zingena kwi-resin ngokusebenzisa isenzo se-capillary kunye nokusabalalisa, kwaye amaqela e-ionized kwikhonkco afakwe emanzini.Ngenxa ye-electrostatic repulsion phakathi kweeyoni ezifanayo kwikhonkco, ikhonkco lepolymer liyolula kwaye lidumba.Ngenxa yemfuno yokungathathi hlangothi kombane, i-counter ion ayikwazi ukufudukela ngaphandle kwe-resin, kwaye umahluko kwi-ion concentration phakathi kwesisombululo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-resin yenza i-reverse osmotic pressure.Ngaphantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lwe-osmosis eguqukayo, amanzi angena ngakumbi kwi-resin ukwenza i-hydrogel.Ngexesha elifanayo, ulwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi edibeneyo kunye ne-hydrogen bonding ye-resin ngokwayo iyanciphisa ukwandiswa okungenamkhawulo kwejel.Xa amanzi equlethe ityuwa encinci, uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic luya kuncipha, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yempembelelo yokukhusela i-ion ye-counter ion, ikhonkco le-polymer liya kuncipha, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwamandla okufunxa amanzi. intlaka.Ngokubanzi, amandla okufunxa amanzi e-resin efunxa kakhulu kwi-0.9% yesisombululo se-NaCl simalunga ne-1/10 kuphela yamanzi adiyoni.Ukufunxwa kwamanzi kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi yimiba emibini yengxaki efanayo.U-Lin Runxiong et al.yaxoxa ngazo kwi-thermodynamics.Ngaphantsi kobushushu obuthile kunye noxinzelelo, i-resin e-absorbent super iyakwazi ukufunxa amanzi ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye amanzi angena kwi-resin, ukunciphisa i-enthalpy yamahhala yenkqubo yonke de ifikelele kwi-equilibrium.Ukuba amanzi aphunyuka kwi-resin, ukwandisa i-enthalpy yamahhala, ayihambisani nokuzinza kwenkqubo.Uhlalutyo oluhlukeneyo lwe-thermal lubonisa ukuba i-50% yamanzi afunnwe yi-resin e-absorbent ephezulu isavalelwe kwi-network ye-gel ngaphezu kwe-150 ° C.Ngoko ke, nangona uxinzelelo lusetyenziswa kwiqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo, amanzi akayi kuphunyuka kwi-resin e-absorbent super, egqitywe yi-thermodynamic properties ye-resin super absorbent.
Ngexesha elizayo, xelela injongo ethile ye-SAP.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-08-2021