Mandikuxelele nge-SAP onomdla kuyo kutshanje! I-Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) luhlobo olutsha lwezinto ze-polymer ezisebenzayo. Inomsebenzi ophezulu wokufunxa amanzi ofunxa amanzi ubunzima obuphindwe kalikhulu ukuya kumawaka amaninzi kunayo, kwaye inokusebenza kakuhle kokugcina amanzi. Nje ukuba ifunxe amanzi kwaye ivuvuke ibe yi-hydrogel, kunzima ukwahlula amanzi nokuba acinezelwe. Ke ngoko, inoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neemveliso zococeko lomntu, imveliso yemizi-mveliso neyezolimo, kunye nobunjineli bokwakha.
I-resin efunxayo kakhulu luhlobo lwee-macromolecules eziqulathe amaqela e-hydrophilic kunye nesakhiwo esidibeneyo. Yaqala ukuveliswa yiFanta kunye nabanye ngokufaka istarch nge-polyacrylonitrile baze emva koko bayifake i-saponifying. Ngokwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kukho uthotho lwesitatshi (olufakelweyo, oluyi-carboxymethylated, njl.njl.), uthotho lwe-cellulose (i-carboxymethylated, olufakelweyo, njl.njl.), uthotho lwe-polymer yokwenziwa (i-polyacrylic acid, i-polyvinyl alcohol, uthotho lwe-polyoxy Ethylene, njl.njl.) kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo. Xa kuthelekiswa nesitatshi kunye ne-cellulose, i-polyacrylic acid superabsorbent resin ineenzuzo ezininzi ezifana neendleko eziphantsi zemveliso, inkqubo elula, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, amandla okufunxa amanzi aqinileyo, kunye nobomi obude beshelufu yemveliso. Ibe yindawo ephambili yophando ngoku kweli candelo.
Iyintoni umgaqo wale mveliso? Okwangoku, i-polyacrylic acid ibangela i-80% yemveliso ye-resin efunxayo kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. I-resin efunxayo kakhulu ngokubanzi yi-polymer electrolyte equlethe iqela le-hydrophilic kunye nesakhiwo esiqhagamshelweyo. Ngaphambi kokuba ifunxe amanzi, imixokelelwane ye-polymer isondelelene kwaye idityaniswe kunye, iqhagamshelwe ukwenza isakhiwo senethiwekhi, ukuze kufezekiswe ukubopha okupheleleyo. Xa idibana namanzi, iimolekyuli zamanzi zingena kwi-resin ngesenzo se-capillary kunye nokusasazwa, kwaye amaqela e-ionized kwi-chain afakwa kwi-ionized emanzini. Ngenxa yokugxothwa kwe-electrostatic phakathi kwee-ion ezifanayo kwi-chain, i-polymer chain iyolula kwaye idumbe. Ngenxa yemfuneko yokungathathi hlangothi kombane, ii-counter ions azinakuhamba ziye ngaphandle kwe-resin, kwaye umahluko kuxinzelelo lwe-ion phakathi kwesisombululo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-resin wenza uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic olubuyela umva. Phantsi kwesenzo soxinzelelo lwe-osmosis olubuyela umva, amanzi angena ngakumbi kwi-resin ukwenza i-hydrogel. Kwangaxeshanye, ulwakhiwo lwenethiwekhi edibeneyo kunye nokudityaniswa kwehydrogen kwe-resin ngokwako kuthintela ukwanda okungenamkhawulo kwejeli. Xa amanzi enesixa esincinci setyuwa, uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic olubuyela umva luya kuncipha, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yesiphumo sokukhusela se-counter ion, ikhonkco le-polymer liya kuncipha, okubangela ukwehla okukhulu kwamandla okufunxa amanzi kwe-resin. Ngokubanzi, amandla okufunxa amanzi e-resin efunxa kakhulu kwisisombululo se-NaCl esingu-0.9% ayi-1/10 kuphela yalawo amanzi angena kwi-ionized. Ukufunxa amanzi kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi ziinkalo ezimbini zengxaki efanayo. ULin Runxiong et al. baxoxe ngazo kwi-thermodynamics. Phantsi kobushushu obuthile kunye noxinzelelo, i-resin efunxa kakhulu inokufunxa amanzi ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye amanzi angene kwi-resin, enciphisa i-enthalpy yamahhala yenkqubo yonke ide ifikelele kumlinganiselo ofanayo. Ukuba amanzi ayaphuma kwi-resin, onyusa i-enthalpy yamahhala, ayilungelanga uzinzo lwenkqubo. Uhlalutyo lobushushu oluhlukileyo lubonisa ukuba i-50% yamanzi afunxwa yi-super absorbent resin isavalelwe kwinethiwekhi yejeli engaphezulu kwe-150°C. Ke ngoko, nokuba uxinzelelo lusetyenziswa kubushushu obuqhelekileyo, amanzi awayi kuphuma kwi-super absorbent resin, emiselwa ziimpawu ze-thermodynamic ze-super absorbent resin.
Ngexesha elizayo, fowunela injongo ethile ye-SAP.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-08-2021