Amanzi amdaka kushishino loxubo lwamayeza ikakhulu abandakanya amanzi amdaka avelisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye namanzi amdaka asetyenzisiweyo.Amanzi amdaka amashishini axuba amayeza abandakanya ikakhulu iindidi ezine: amanzi amdaka emveliso yamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, amanzi amdaka emveliso yamachiza enziweyo, ukuvelisa amayeza amdaka aseTshayina, amanzi amdaka okuhlamba kunye nokuhlamba amanzi amdaka asuka kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zamalungiselelo.Amanzi amdaka abonakaliswa ngokubunjwa okuntsonkothileyo, umxholo ophezulu we-organic, ubutyhefu obuphezulu, umbala onzulu, umxholo wetyuwa ephezulu, ngakumbi iipropathi ezihlwempuzekileyo ze-biochemical kunye nokukhutshwa okuphakathi.Ngamanzi amdaka akwimizi-mveliso ekunzima ukuwaphatha.Ngophuhliso lwelizwe lam loshishino lwamayeza, amanzi amdaka axutywa ngokuthe ngcembe abe yenye yemithombo ebalulekileyo yongcoliseko.
1. Indlela yonyango lwamanzi amdaka amayeza
Iindlela zonyango zamanzi amdaka amayeza zingashwankathelwa njenge: unyango lwamachiza omzimba, unyango lwekhemikhali, unyango lwe-biochemical kunye nokudibanisa unyango lweendlela ezahlukeneyo, indlela nganye yonyango ineenzuzo zayo kunye nokungonakali.
Unyango lomzimba kunye neekhemikhali
Ngokweempawu zomgangatho wamanzi wamanzi amdaka amayeza, unyango lwe-physicochemical kufuneka lusetyenziswe njengonyango lwangaphambili okanye inkqubo yasemva kokunyanga kunyango lwe-biochemical.Iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziswayo ngoku ngokwasemzimbeni kunye neekhemikhali ikakhulu zibandakanya i-coagulation, i-air flotation, i-adsorption, i-ammonia stripping, i-electrolysis, i-ion exchange kunye nokwahlulwa kwe-membrane.
ukujija
Le teknoloji yindlela yokucoca amanzi esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunyango lwangaphambili kunye nasemva kokunyangwa kwamanzi amdaka ezonyango, njenge-aluminium sulfate kunye ne-polyferric sulfate kumanzi amdaka amayeza aseTshayina.Isitshixo sonyango olusebenzayo lwe-coagulation lukhetho oluchanekileyo kunye nokongezwa kwe-coagulants kunye nokusebenza okugqwesileyo.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ulwalathiso lophuhliso lwe-coagulants lutshintshile ukusuka kwi-low-molecular ukuya kwi-high-molecular polymers, kwaye ukusuka kwi-single-component ukuya kwi-composite functionalization [3].U-Liu Minghua et al.[4] iphathwe i-COD, i-SS kunye ne-chromaticity yolwelo lwenkunkuma kunye ne-pH ye-6.5 kunye ne-flocculant dosage ye-300 mg / L kunye ne-high-efficiency composite flocculant F-1.Amazinga okususwa ayengama-69.7%, 96.4% kunye nama-87.5%, ngokulandelanayo.
ukudada komoya
Ukubhabha komoya ngokubanzi kubandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinje nge-aeration air flotation, inyibilikisiwe ukudada komoya, ukudada komoya kweekhemikhali, kunye ne-electrolytic air flotation.I-Xinchang Pharmaceutical Factory isebenzisa isixhobo se-CAF vortex emoyeni ukuthambisa amanzi amdaka amayeza.Umyinge wokususwa kwe-COD malunga ne-25% kunye neekhemikhali ezifanelekileyo.
indlela ye-adsorption
I-adsorbents esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-activated carbon, i-activated coal, i-humic acid, i-adsorption resin, njl njl. I-Wuhan Jianmin Pharmaceutical Factory isebenzisa i-adsorption yothuthu lwamalahle - inkqubo yesibini ye-aerobic biological treatment yokunyanga amanzi amdaka.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba izinga lokususwa kwe-COD ye-adsorption pretreatment yayingu-41.1%, kwaye umlinganiselo we-BOD5 / COD uphuculwe.
Ukwahlulwa kwe-Membrane
Ubuchwephesha beMembrane bubandakanya i-osmosis eguqukayo, i-nanofiltration kunye ne-fiber membranes ukubuyisela izinto eziluncedo kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto eziphilayo.Iimpawu eziphambili zale teknoloji zizixhobo ezilula, ukusebenza kakuhle, akukho tshintsho lwesigaba kunye noshintsho lweekhemikhali, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla.UJuanna et al.kusetyenziswa ii-nanofiltration membranes ukwahlula amanzi amdaka e-cinnamycin.Kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-inhibitory effect ye-lincomycin kwi-microorganisms emanzini amdaka yancitshiswa, kwaye i-cinnamycin yafunyanwa.
electrolysis
Indlela inenzuzo yokusebenza okuphezulu, ukusebenza okulula kunye nokunye okunjalo, kunye nempembelelo ye-electrolytic decolorization ilungile.U-Li Ying [8] wenza i-electrolytic pretreatment kwi-riboflavin supernatant, kunye namazinga okususwa kwe-COD, i-SS kunye ne-chroma ifikelele kwi-71%, i-83% kunye ne-67%, ngokulandelanayo.
unyango lwekhemikhali
Xa kusetyenziswa iindlela zekhemikhali, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwezixhobo ezithile ezivuselelayo kusenokwenzeka ukuba kubangele ungcoliseko lwesibini lwemithombo yamanzi.Ke ngoko, umsebenzi wophando ofanelekileyo kufuneka wenziwe ngaphambi koyilo.Iindlela zeMichiza ziquka indlela ye-iron-carbon, indlela ye-redox yeekhemikhali (i-Fenton reagent, i-H2O2, i-O3), iteknoloji ye-oxidation enzulu, njl.
Indlela ye-iron carbon
Umsebenzi woshishino ubonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa i-Fe-C njengenyathelo lokucocwa kwangaphambili kwamanzi amdaka axutywe ngamayeza kunokuphucula kakhulu ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo zamanzi amdaka.U-Lou Maoxing usebenzisa i-iron-micro-electrolysis-anaerobic-aerobic-air flotation edityanisiweyo yonyango ukunyanga amanzi amdaka aphakathi amayeza afana ne-erythromycin kunye ne-ciprofloxacin.Izinga lokususwa kwe-COD emva konyango ngentsimbi kunye nekhabhoni yayingama-20%.I-%, kunye namanzi amdaka okugqibela athobela umgangatho wesizwe wodidi lokuqala “woMgangatho oDibeneyo wokuLahlwa kwamanzi amdaka” (GB8978-1996).
Ukusetyenzwa kwe-reagent ye-Fenton
Indibaniselwano yetyuwa ye-ferrous kunye ne-H2O2 ibizwa ngokuba yi-reagent ye-Fenton, enokususa ngokufanelekileyo i-refractory organic matter engenakususwa ngeteknoloji yokucoca amanzi amdaka.Ngokunzulu kophando, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV), i-oxalate (C2O42-), njl.Ukusebenzisa i-TiO2 njenge-catalyst kunye ne-9W ye-low-pressure ye-mercury isibane njengomthombo wokukhanya, amanzi amdaka axutywe ngamayeza aphathwa nge-reagent ye-Fenton, izinga le-decolorization laliyi-100%, izinga lokususa i-COD laliyi-92.3%, kunye ne-nitrobenzene compound yehla ukusuka kwi-8.05mg /L.0.41 mg/L.
I-oxidation
Indlela inokuphucula ukubola kwamanzi amdaka kwaye inezinga elingcono lokususa iCOD.Ngokomzekelo, amanzi amdaka amathathu e-antibiotics afana ne-Balcioglu aphathwe nge-ozone oxidation.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-ozonation yamanzi amdaka ayizange ikhulise umlinganiselo we-BOD5 / COD kuphela, kodwa kunye ne-COD yokususwa kwe-COD yayingaphezu kwe-75%.
Itekhnoloji ye-oxidation
Eyaziwa ngokuba yitekhnoloji ye-oxidation ephezulu, izisa kunye iziphumo zophando zamva nje zokukhanya kwanamhlanje, umbane, isandi, imagnethi, izixhobo kunye nezinye iindlela ezifanayo, kubandakanya i-electrochemical oxidation, i-oxidation emanzi, i-oxidation yamanzi ephezulu kakhulu, i-photocatalytic oxidation kunye nokuthotywa kwe-ultrasonic.Phakathi kwabo, itekhnoloji ye-ultraviolet photocatalytic oxidation ineenzuzo zobutsha, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, kwaye akukho ukukhetha kumanzi amdaka, kwaye ifaneleke ngakumbi ukuthotywa kwee-hydrocarbons ezingafakwanga.Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zonyango ezifana nemitha ye-ultraviolet, ukufudumeza, kunye noxinzelelo, unyango lwe-ultrasonic yezinto eziphilayo zithe ngqo kwaye zifuna izixhobo ezincinci.Njengohlobo olutsha lonyango, ingqwalasela engakumbi iye yahlawulwa.Xiao Guangquan et al.[13] isebenzise i-ultrasonic-aerobic biological contact method ukunyanga amanzi amdaka amayeza.Unyango lwe-Ultrasonic lwenziwa kwi-60 s kwaye amandla ayengama-200 w, kwaye i-COD iyonke yokususwa kwe-COD yamanzi amdaka yayingama-96%.
Unyango lwe-Biochemical
Itekhnoloji yonyango lwebhayoloji yitekhnoloji yonyango lwamanzi amdaka asetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kubandakanywa indlela yebhayoloji ye-aerobic, indlela yebhayoloji ye-anaerobic, kunye nendlela edibeneyo ye-aerobic-anaerobic.
Unyango lwebhayoloji yeAerobic
Kuba uninzi lwamanzi amdaka axutywe namayeza angamanzi amdaka adityanisiweyo aphezulu, kuyafuneka ngokubanzi ukuxutywa kwesisombululo sesitokhwe ngexesha lonyango lwebhayoloji.Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kukhulu, amanzi amdaka angaphathwa nge-biochemically, kwaye kunzima ukukhupha ngokuthe ngqo ukuya kumgangatho emva kokunyangwa kwe-biochemical.Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kwe-aerobic kuphela.Alukho unyango olufumanekayo kwaye unyango lwangaphambili luyafuneka.Iindlela zonyango zebhayoloji ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka indlela ye-sludge esebenzayo, indlela ye-aeration enzulu, i-adsorption biodegradation method (indlela ye-AB), indlela yokudibanisa i-oxidation, i-batch batch isebenze indlela ye-sludge (indlela ye-SBR), ukujikeleza indlela ye-sludge esebenzayo, njl.(indlela yeCASS) njalo njalo.
Indlela yokungenisa umoya enzulu
Ukungenisa umoya onzulu yinkqubo yodaka esebenza ngesantya esiphezulu.Indlela inezinga eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa kwe-oksijeni, indawo encinci yomgangatho, isiphumo esihle sonyango, utyalo-mali oluphantsi, iindleko eziphantsi zokusebenza, akukho nkunkuma ye-sludge kunye nokuveliswa kwe-sludge encinci.Ukongezelela, umphumo wayo wokushisa ubushushu ulungile, kwaye unyango aluchaphazeli iimeko zemozulu, ezinokuthi ziqinisekise umphumo wokunyanga kwamanzi amdaka ebusika kwimimandla esenyakatho.Emva kokuba amanzi amdaka agxininiswe kakhulu asuka kuMzi-mveliso woPhando oMntla-mpuma anyangwa ngokwamachiza kwitanki enzulu yokungenisa umoya, umlinganiselo wokususwa kweCOD ufikelele kuma-92.7%.Ingabonwa ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kuphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo eluncedo kakhulu kwinkqubo elandelayo.dlala indima eqinisekileyo.
Indlela ye-AB
Indlela ye-AB yindlela ye-sludge ene-ultra-high-high-activated.Izinga lokususwa kwe-BOD5, i-COD, i-SS, i-phosphorus kunye ne-ammonia nitrogen ngenkqubo ye-AB ngokuqhelekileyo iphezulu kunenkqubo ye-sludge eqhelekileyo.Iinzuzo zayo ezibalaseleyo ngumthwalo ophezulu wecandelo le-A, umthamo oqinileyo wokuchasana nomothuko, kunye nefuthe elikhulu lokuthintela kwixabiso le-pH kunye nezinto eziyityhefu.Kufanelekile ngokukhethekileyo ukunyanga i-sewage kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye noshintsho olukhulu kumgangatho wamanzi kunye nobuninzi.Indlela kaYang Junshi et al.isebenzisa i-hydrolysis acidification-AB indlela yebhayoloji ukunyanga amanzi amdaka e-antibiotic, enenkqubo emfutshane yokuhamba, ukonga amandla, kunye neendleko zokunyanga zingaphantsi kunendlela yonyango ye-chemical flocculation-biological yamanzi amdaka afanayo.
biological contact oxidation
Le teknoloji idibanisa iingenelo zendlela ye-sludge esebenzayo kunye nendlela ye-biofilm, kwaye ineenzuzo zomthwalo ophezulu womthamo, ukuveliswa kwe-sludge ephantsi, ukuchasana kwempembelelo enamandla, ukusebenza kwenkqubo ezinzileyo kunye nolawulo olufanelekileyo.Iiprojekthi ezininzi zisebenzisa indlela enamanqanaba amabini, ejolise ekufumaneni iintlobo ezilawulayo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo, ukunika umdlalo ogcweleyo kwisiphumo se-synergistic phakathi kwabemi be-microbial eyahlukeneyo, kunye nokuphucula iziphumo ze-biochemical kunye nokumelana nokothuka.Kubunjineli, ukugaywa kwe-anaerobic kunye ne-asidi zihlala zisetyenziswa njengenyathelo lokunyangwa kwangaphambili, kwaye inkqubo yokudibanisa i-oxidation isetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanzi amdaka amayeza.I-Harbin North Pharmaceutical Factory yamkela i-hydrolysis acidification-inqanaba ezibini inkqubo yebhayoloji yoqhagamshelwano lwe-oxidation ukunyanga amanzi amdaka amayeza.Iziphumo zokusebenza zibonisa ukuba umphumo wonyango uzinzile kwaye ukudibanisa inkqubo kunengqiqo.Ngokukhula ngokuthe ngcembe kwetekhnoloji yenkqubo, iindawo zesicelo nazo zibanzi ngakumbi
Indlela ye-SBR
Indlela ye-SBR ineenzuzo zokunganyangeki komthwalo oqinileyo, umsebenzi ophezulu we-sludge, isakhiwo esilula, akukho mfuneko yokubuyela umva, ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo, unyawo oluncinci, utyalo-mali oluphantsi, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, izinga eliphezulu lokususwa kwe-substrate, kunye ne-denitrification efanelekileyo kunye nokususwa kwe-phosphorus..Amanzi amdaka aguquguqukayo.Uvavanyo lonyango lwamanzi amdaka amayeza ngenkqubo ye-SBR lubonisa ukuba ixesha lokungenisa umoya linempembelelo enkulu kwisiphumo sonyango lwenkqubo;ukusekwa kwamacandelo anoxic, ngokukodwa ukuyila ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwe-anaerobic kunye ne-aerobic, kunokuphucula kakhulu umphumo wonyango;i-SBR eyandisiweyo yonyango lwePAC Inkqubo inokuphucula ngokubonakalayo isiphumo sokususwa kwenkqubo.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inkqubo iye igqibelele ngakumbi kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunyango lwamanzi amdaka amayeza.
Unyango lwebhayoloji yeAnaerobic
Okwangoku, ukunyangwa kwamanzi amdaka adityanisiweyo aphezulu ekhaya naphesheya ikakhulu kusekelwe kwindlela ye-anaerobic, kodwa iCOD yamanzi amdaka isephezulu ngokwentelekiso emva konyango ngendlela eyahlukileyo yeanaerobic, kwaye unyango lwasemva (njengonyango lwebhayoloji ye-aerobic) luqhelekile. efunekayo.Okwangoku, kusafuneka ukuqinisa uPhuhliso kunye noyilo lwezixhobo eziphezulu ze-anaerobic reactors, kunye nophando olunzulu kwiimeko zokusebenza.Izicelo eziphumelele kakhulu kunyango lwamanzi amdaka amayeza yi-Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB), i-Anaerobic Composite Bed (UBF), i-Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR), i-hydrolysis, njl.
UASB Act
I-reactor ye-UASB ineenzuzo zokusebenza kakuhle kwe-anaerobic digestion, isakhiwo esilula, ixesha elifutshane lokugcinwa kwe-hydraulic, kwaye akukho mfuneko yesixhobo esahlukileyo sokubuyisela i-sludge.Xa i-UASB isetyenziselwa unyango lwe-kanamycin, i-chlorin, i-VC, i-SD, i-glucose kunye namanye amanzi amdaka okuvelisa amayeza, umxholo we-SS ngokuqhelekileyo awuphezulu kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinga lokususa i-COD lingaphezulu kwe-85% ukuya kwi-90%.Izinga lokususa i-COD yoluhlu olunamanqanaba amabini e-UASB inokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-90%.
Indlela ye-UBF
Thenga uWenning et al.Uvavanyo lokuthelekisa lwenziwa kwi-UASB ne-UBF.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-UBF ineempawu zokugqithiswa kakuhle kobuninzi kunye nesiphumo sokwahlukana, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-biomass kunye ne-biological, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu, kunye nokuzinza olomeleleyo lokusebenza.I-oxygen bioreactor.
I-Hydrolysis kunye ne-asidi
Itanki ye-hydrolysis ibizwa ngokuba yi-Hydrolyzed Upstream Sludge Bed (HUSB) kwaye i-UASB elungisiweyo.Xa kuthelekiswa netanki ye-anaerobic yenkqubo epheleleyo, itanki ye-hydrolysis ineenzuzo ezilandelayo: akukho mfuneko yokutywinwa, akukho ukuvuselela, akukho sihluli sesigaba sesithathu, esinciphisa iindleko kwaye siququzelele ukugcinwa;inokunciphisa i-macromolecules kunye ne-non-biodegradable organic substances kwi-lindle ibe yi-molecule encinci.Izinto eziphilayo ezinokonakala lula ziphucula ukubola kwamanzi akrwada;ukusabela ngokukhawuleza, umthamo wetanki uncinci, utyalo-mali lokwakhiwa kwenkunzi luncinci, kwaye umthamo we-sludge uyancipha.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inkqubo ye-hydrolysis-aerobic isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kunyango lwamanzi amdaka amayeza.Umzekelo, umzi-mveliso we-biopharmaceutical usebenzisa i-hydrolytic acidification-inqanaba ezimbini zenkqubo ye-biological contact oxidation ukunyanga amanzi amdaka amayeza.Umsebenzi uzinzile kwaye umphumo wokususwa kwezinto eziphilayo uyamangalisa.Amazinga okususwa kwe-COD, i-BOD5 SS kunye ne-SS yayiyi-90.7%, i-92.4% kunye ne-87.6%, ngokulandelanayo.
Inkqubo yonyango edibeneyo ye-Anaerobic-aerobic
Ekubeni unyango lwe-aerobic okanye unyango lwe-anaerobic lulodwa alukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno, iinkqubo ezidibeneyo ezifana ne-anaerobic-aerobic, i-hydrolytic acidification-aerobic treatment iphucula ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo, ukuxhathisa impembelelo, iindleko zotyalo-mali kunye nefuthe lonyango lwamanzi amdaka.Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimisebenzi yobunjineli ngenxa yokusebenza kwendlela enye yokusetyenzwa.Ngokomzekelo, i-factory ye-pharmaceutical isebenzisa inkqubo ye-anaerobic-aerobic ukunyanga amanzi amdaka amayeza, izinga lokususwa kwe-BOD5 yi-98%, izinga lokususa i-COD li-95%, kwaye umphumo wonyango uzinzile.Inkqubo ye-Micro-electrolysis-anaerobic hydrolysis-acidification-SBR isetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanzi amdaka enziwe ngamachiza.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba lonke uchungechunge lweenkqubo lunempembelelo enamandla yokumelana nokutshintsha komgangatho wamanzi amdaka kunye nobungakanani, kwaye izinga lokususa i-COD linokufikelela kwi-86% ukuya kwi-92%, eyona nkqubo ifanelekileyo yokukhetha unyango lwamanzi amdaka amayeza.-I-Catalytic Oxidation-Qhagamshelana neNkqubo ye-Oxidation.Xa i-COD yempembelelo imalunga ne-12 000 mg/L, i-COD yamanzi amdaka ingaphantsi kwe-300 mg/L;izinga lokususwa kwe-COD kumanzi amdaka e-biologically refractory amayeza aphathwa ngendlela ye-biofilm-SBR inokufikelela kwi-87.5% ~ 98.31%, ephezulu kakhulu kunokusebenzisa okukodwa Isiphumo sonyango lwendlela ye-biofilm kunye nendlela ye-SBR.
Ukongeza, ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji ye-membrane, uphando lwesicelo se-membrane bioreactor (MBR) kunyango lwamanzi amdaka amayeza luye lwanda kancinci kancinci.I-MBR idibanisa iimpawu zetekhnoloji yokwahlula inwebu kunye nonyango lwebhayoloji, kwaye ineengenelo zomthwalo wevolumu ephezulu, ukuxhathisa okunamandla, unyawo oluncinci, kunye nodaka olushiyekileyo oluncinci.Inkqubo ye-anaerobic inwebu yebhayoreactor isetyenziselwe ukunyanga amanzi amdaka e-asidi yekloride ephakathi kunye neCOD yama-25 000 mg/L.Izinga lokususwa kwe-COD kwinkqubo lihlala lingaphezulu kwama-90%.Ngethuba lokuqala, ukukwazi ukunyanzeliswa kweebhaktheriya ukuthobisa into ethile ye-organic yasetyenziswa.I-membrane ekhuphayo i-bioreactors isetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanzi amdaka emizi-mveliso aqulethe i-3,4-dichloroaniline.I-HRT yayiyi-2 h, izinga lokususa lafikelela kwi-99%, kwaye umphumo ofanelekileyo wonyango wafunyanwa.Ngaphandle kwengxaki yokungcola kwe-membrane, ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji ye-membrane, i-MBR iya kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwindawo yonyango lwamanzi amdaka amayeza.
2. Inkqubo yonyango kunye nokukhethwa kwamanzi amdaka amayeza
Iimpawu zomgangatho wamanzi wamanzi amdaka axutywe namayeza zenza ukuba kungenzeki ukuba uninzi lwamanzi amdaka axutywe namayeza afumane unyango lwe-biochemical yedwa, ngoko ke kufuneka kwenziwe unyango lwangaphambili ngaphambi kokuba kunyangwe unyango lwe-biochemical.Ngokuqhelekileyo, itanki yokulawula kufuneka imiselwe ukulungelelanisa umgangatho wamanzi kunye nexabiso le-pH, kwaye indlela ye-physicochemical okanye imichiza kufuneka isetyenziswe njengenkqubo yonyango lwangaphambili ngokwemeko yokwenyani ukunciphisa i-SS, ityuwa kunye nenxalenye yeCOD emanzini, ukunciphisa. izinto zebhayoloji ezithintelayo kumanzi amdaka, kunye nokuphucula ukuthotywa kwamanzi amdaka.ukuququzelela unyango olulandelayo lwe-biochemical yamanzi amdaka.
Amanzi amdaka acociweyo anokucocwa ngeenkqubo ze-anaerobic kunye ne-aerobic ngokweempawu zomgangatho wamanzi.Ukuba iimfuno zamanzi amdaka ziphezulu, inkqubo yonyango lwe-aerobic kufuneka iqhutyelwe emva kwenkqubo yonyango lwe-aerobic.Ukukhethwa kwenkqubo ethile kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokubanzi imiba efana nobume bamanzi amdaka, isiphumo sokucocwa kwenkqubo, utyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo, kunye nokusebenza nokugcinwa kobugcisa bube nokwenzeka kwaye bube noqoqosho.Yonke inkqubo yenkqubo yinkqubo edibeneyo yonyango-i-anaerobic-aerobic-(emva konyango).Inkqubo edibeneyo ye-hydrolysis adsorption-contact oxidation-filtration isetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanzi amdaka axubileyo amayeza ane-insulin eyenziweyo.
3. Ukurisayikilishwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluncedo kumanzi amdaka axutywe namayeza
Ukukhuthaza imveliso ecocekileyo kwishishini lamachiza, ukuphucula izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, izinga elibanzi lokubuyisela imveliso ephakathi kunye nemveliso, kunye nokunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa ukungcola kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ngokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe.Ngenxa yobungcali bezinye iinkqubo zokuvelisa amayeza, amanzi amdaka aqulethe isixa esikhulu sezinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.Ukunyangwa kwamanzi amdaka anjalo amayeza, inyathelo lokuqala kukuqinisa ukubuyiswa kwezinto kunye nokusetyenziswa okubanzi.Kumanzi amdaka aphakathi amayeza kunye netyuwa ye-ammonium ephezulu ukuya kwi-5% ukuya kwi-10%, ifilimu yokucima i-fixed isetyenziselwa ukukhupha, ukugxininiswa kunye ne-crystallization ukubuyisela (NH4) 2SO4 kunye ne-NH4NO3 kunye neqhezu elikhulu malunga ne-30%.Sebenzisa njengesichumiso okanye uphinde usebenzise.Iingenelo zoqoqosho zicacile;inkampani yonyango oluphezulu isebenzisa indlela yokucoca ukunyanga amanzi amdaka emveliso ngomxholo ophezulu kakhulu we-formaldehyde.Emva kokuba igesi ye-formaldehyde ifunyenwe, inokuqulunqwa ibe yi-reagent ye-formalin okanye itshiswe njengomthombo wobushushu kwibhoyila.Ngokufumana kwakhona i-formaldehyde, ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo kwezibonelelo kunokufezekiswa, kwaye iindleko zotyalo-mali zesikhululo sonyango zinokubuyiswa kwisithuba se-4 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-5, ukuqonda ukuhlanganiswa kweenzuzo zokusingqongileyo kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho.Nangona kunjalo, ukubunjwa kwamanzi amdaka amayeza aqhelekileyo anzima, kunzima ukuphinda asetyenziswe, inkqubo yokubuyisela inzima, kwaye iindleko ziphezulu.Ke ngoko, itekhnoloji yokucoca itekhnoloji yogutyulo olubanzi nolusebenzayo ngundoqo wokusombulula ngokupheleleyo ingxaki yogutyulo.
4 Isiphelo
Kukho iingxelo ezininzi malunga nokunyangwa kwamanzi amdaka amayeza.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeyantlukwano yemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye neenkqubo kwishishini lamayeza, umgangatho wamanzi amdaka uyahluka kakhulu.Ke ngoko, akukho ndlela yonyango ekhulileyo nemanyeneyo yamanzi amdaka amayeza.Yeyiphi indlela yenkqubo yokukhetha ixhomekeke kumanzi amdaka.indalo.Ngokweempawu zamanzi amdaka, ukucocwa kwangaphambili kuyafuneka ngokubanzi ukuze kuphuculwe ukonakaliswa kwamanzi amdaka, kuqale kususwe ungcoliseko, emva koko kudityaniswe nonyango lwemichiza.Okwangoku, uphuhliso lwesixhobo sokucoca amanzi esinoqoqosho kunye nesisebenzayo yingxaki engxamisekileyo ekufuneka isonjululwe.
Umzi-mvelisoChina ChemicalAnionic PAM Polyacrylamide Cationic Polymer Flocculant, Chitosan, Chitosan Powder, unyango lwamanzi okusela, amanzi decoloring agent, dadmac, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, dicyandiamide, dcda, defoamer, antifoam, pac, polyaluminiyam chloride, polyelectro acluminum chloride, polyelectrolyumic , pdadmac, polyamine, Asipheleli nje ekuhambiseni umgangatho ophezulu kubathengi bethu, kodwa okubaluleke ngakumbi ngoyena mboneleli wethu mkhulu kunye nexabiso lokuthengisa elinobundlobongela.
I-ODM Factory yaseChina PAM, i-Anionic Polyacrylamide, i-HPAM, i-PHA, Inkampani yethu isebenza ngomgaqo-nkqubo "wokusekwe ingqibelelo, intsebenziswano eyenziweyo, abantu abajoliswe kuyo, intsebenziswano yokuphumelela".Sinethemba lokuba sinokuba nobudlelwane bobuhlobo kunye nosomashishini abavela kwihlabathi liphela.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-15-2022