Amanzi amdaka kushishino lwezemithi aquka ikakhulu ukuveliswa kwamanzi amdaka okubulala iintsholongwane kunye namanzi amdaka okwenziwa ngamayeza. Amanzi amdaka kushishino lwezemithi aquka ikakhulu iindidi ezine: ukuveliswa kwamanzi amdaka okwenziwa ngamayeza okwenziwa, ukuveliswa kwamanzi amdaka okwenziwa ngamayeza okwenziwa, ukuveliswa kwamanzi amdaka emveliso yamayeza enziweyo aseTshayina, ukuhlamba amanzi kunye nokuhlamba amanzi amdaka avela kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokulungiselela. Amanzi amdaka abonakaliswa bubume obuntsonkothileyo, umxholo ophezulu we-organic, ubuthi obuphezulu, umbala onzulu, umxholo ophezulu wetyuwa, ngakumbi iipropati ezimbi ze-biochemical kunye nokukhupha amanzi ngamaxesha athile. Ngamanzi amdaka emizi-mveliso okunzima ukuwanyanga. Ngophuhliso lweshishini lezemithi lelizwe lam, amanzi amdaka eyeza amayeza aye aba ngomnye wemithombo ebalulekileyo yongcoliseko.
1. Indlela yokunyanga amanzi amdaka eyeza
Iindlela zonyango lwamanzi amdaka eziyobisi zingashwankathelwa ngolu hlobo: unyango lwamakhemikhali ngokwasemzimbeni, unyango lwamakhemikhali, unyango lwe-biochemical kunye nonyango oludibeneyo lweendlela ezahlukeneyo, indlela nganye yonyango inezibonelelo kunye neengxaki zayo.
Unyango lomzimba kunye nolweekhemikhali
Ngokweempawu zomgangatho wamanzi zamanzi amdaka eyeza, unyango lwe-physicochemical kufuneka lusetyenziswe njengenkqubo yangaphambi konyango okanye emva konyango lwe-biochemical. Iindlela zonyango lwe-physical kunye ne-chemical ezisetyenziswayo ngoku ziquka ukujiya, ukuntywila emoyeni, ukufunxwa, ukuhluthwa kwe-ammonia, i-electrolysis, i-ion exchange kunye nokwahlulwa kwe-membrane.
ukujiya
Le teknoloji yindlela yokunyanga amanzi esetyenziswa kakhulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ngaphambi konyango nasemva konyango lwamanzi amdaka ezonyango, njenge-aluminium sulfate kunye ne-polyferric sulfate kumanzi amdaka emveli aseTshayina. Isitshixo sonyango olusebenzayo lokujiya kukukhetha ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokongezwa kwee-coagulants ezisebenza kakuhle. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, indlela yophuhliso lwee-coagulants itshintshile ukusuka kwii-polymers eziphantsi ukuya kwii-polymers ezinee-molecular eziphezulu, kwaye ukusuka kwi-single-component ukuya kwi-composite functionalization [3]. ULiu Minghua et al. [4] baphathe i-COD, i-SS kunye ne-chromaticity yolwelo lwenkunkuma nge-pH ye-6.5 kunye ne-flocculant dosage ye-300 mg/L nge-composite flocculant F-1 esebenza kakuhle. Amazinga okususwa ayeyi-69.7%, 96.4% kunye ne-87.5%, ngokwahlukeneyo.
ukudada emoyeni
Ukuqubha komoya ngokubanzi kubandakanya iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokuqubha komoya emoyeni, ukuqubha komoya onyibilikisiweyo, ukuqubha komoya ngamakhemikhali, kunye nokuqubha komoya nge-electrolytic. I-Xinchang Pharmaceutical Factory isebenzisa isixhobo sokuqubha komoya se-CAF vortex ukucoca amanzi amdaka eyezamayeza. Izinga lokususa i-COD eliphakathi limalunga ne-25% ngeekhemikhali ezifanelekileyo.
indlela yokufunxa
Ii-adsorbents ezisetyenziswa rhoqo yi-activated carbon, i-activated coal, i-humic acid, i-adsorption resin, njl. I-Wuhan Jianmin Pharmaceutical Factory isebenzisa i-coal ash adsorption - inkqubo yesibini yonyango lwebhayoloji ye-aerobic ukunyanga amanzi amdaka. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba izinga lokususwa kwe-COD yonyango lwangaphambi kokunyuswa yayiyi-41.1%, kwaye umlinganiselo we-BOD5/COD uphuculwe.
Ukwahlulwa kwe-membrane
Ubuchwepheshe be-membrane buquka i-reverse osmosis, i-nanofiltration kunye ne-fiber membranes ukubuyisa izinto eziluncedo kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto eziphilayo ngokubanzi. Iimpawu eziphambili zale teknoloji zizixhobo ezilula, ukusebenza okulula, akukho tshintsho lwesigaba kunye notshintsho lweekhemikhali, ukusebenza kakuhle kokucubungula kunye nokonga amandla. UJuanna nabanye basebenzise i-nanofiltration membranes ukwahlula amanzi amdaka e-cinnamycin. Kufunyaniswe ukuba isiphumo sokuthintela i-lincomycin kwiintsholongwane emanzini amdaka sinciphile, kwaye i-cinnamycin yafunyanwa.
i-electrolysis
Le ndlela ineengenelo zokusebenza kakuhle, ukusebenza okulula nokunye okunjalo, kwaye isiphumo sokususa umbala nge-electrolytic silungile. ULi Ying [8] wenze unyango lwangaphambi kwe-electrolytic kwi-riboflavin supernatant, kwaye amazinga okususa i-COD, i-SS kunye ne-chroma afikelele kwi-71%, 83% kunye ne-67%, ngokulandelelana.
unyango lweekhemikhali
Xa kusetyenziswa iindlela zeekhemikhali, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwee-reagents ezithile kunokubangela ungcoliseko lwesibini lweendawo zamanzi. Ke ngoko, umsebenzi wophando olufanelekileyo kufuneka wenziwe ngaphambi kokuba kuyilo. Iindlela zeekhemikhali ziquka indlela ye-iron-carbon, indlela ye-chemical redox (i-Fenton reagent, i-H2O2, i-O3), iteknoloji ye-deep oxidation, njl.njl.
Indlela ye-iron carbon
Ukusebenza kwemizi-mveliso kubonisa ukuba ukusebenzisa i-Fe-C njengenyathelo langaphambi konyango lwamanzi amdaka eyezamayeza kunokuphucula kakhulu ukubola kwamanzi amdaka. I-Lou Maoxing isebenzisa unyango oludibeneyo lwe-iron-micro-electrolysis-anaerobic-aerobic-air flotation ukunyanga amanzi amdaka e-intermediates yamayeza afana ne-erythromycin kunye ne-ciprofloxacin. Izinga lokususwa kwe-COD emva konyango ngentsimbi kunye nekhabhoni yayiyi-20% %, kwaye amanzi amdaka okugqibela ahambelana nomgangatho wesizwe wokuqala we-"Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB8978-1996).
Ukucubungula i-reagent kaFenton
Udibaniso lwetyuwa yeferrous kunye ne-H2O2 lubizwa ngokuba yi-Fenton's reagent, enokususa ngempumelelo izinto eziphilayo ezingafunekiyo ezingenakususwa ngetekhnoloji yokucoca amanzi amdaka yendabuko. Ngobunzulu bophando, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV), i-oxalate (C2O42-), njl. kwangeniswa kwi-reagent yeFenton, nto leyo eyaphucula kakhulu amandla e-oxidation. Ukusebenzisa i-TiO2 njenge-catalyst kunye nesibane se-mercury esiphantsi kwe-9W njengomthombo wokukhanya, amanzi amdaka eyeza aphathwe nge-reagent yeFenton, izinga lokutshintsha umbala laliyi-100%, izinga lokususa i-COD laliyi-92.3%, kwaye i-nitrobenzene compound yehla ukusuka kwi-8.05mg/L. 0.41 mg/L.
Ukuxuba
Le ndlela inokuphucula ukubola kwamanzi amdaka kwaye inezinga elingcono lokususwa kwe-COD. Umzekelo, amanzi amdaka amathathu anjengeBalcioglu anyangwa nge-ozone oxidation. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-ozonation yamanzi amdaka ayinyusanga nje kuphela umlinganiselo we-BOD5/COD, kodwa nezinga lokususwa kwe-COD lalingaphezulu kwe-75%.
Itekhnoloji yokuxuba i-oxidation
Ikwaziwa njengeteknoloji ye-oxidation ephucukileyo, idibanisa iziphumo zophando zamva nje zokukhanya kwanamhlanje, umbane, isandi, imagnetism, izixhobo kunye nezinye izifundo ezifanayo, kubandakanya i-electrochemical oxidation, i-wet oxidation, i-supercritical water oxidation, i-photocatalytic oxidation kunye ne-ultrasonic degradation. Phakathi kwazo, iteknoloji ye-ultraviolet photocatalytic oxidation ineenzuzo zobutsha, ukusebenza kakuhle, kwaye akukho kukhetha kumanzi amdaka, kwaye ifanelekile ngakumbi ekuwohlokeni kwee-hydrocarbons ezingagcwaliyo. Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zonyango ezifana nemitha ye-ultraviolet, ukufudumeza, kunye noxinzelelo, unyango lwe-ultrasonic lwezinto eziphilayo luthe ngqo ngakumbi kwaye lufuna izixhobo ezincinci. Njengohlobo olutsha lonyango, kuye kwanikelwa ingqalelo engakumbi. UXiao Guangquan et al. [13] basebenzise indlela yoqhagamshelwano lwe-ultrasonic-aerobic biological ukunyanga amanzi amdaka eyezamayeza. Unyango lwe-ultrasonic lwenziwa imizuzwana engama-60 kwaye amandla ayeyi-200 w, kwaye izinga lokususwa kwe-COD iyonke yamanzi amdaka yayiyi-96%.
Unyango lwebhayoloji
Iteknoloji yonyango lwe-biochemical yiteknoloji yonyango lwamanzi amdaka esetyenziswa kakhulu ngamayeza, kuquka indlela ye-aerobic biological, indlela ye-anaerobic biological, kunye nendlela edibeneyo ye-aerobic-anaerobic.
Unyango lwebhayoloji lwe-aerobic
Ekubeni uninzi lwamanzi amdaka e-pharmacological luyi-organic wastewater enoxinzelelo olukhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kuyimfuneko ukunyibilikisa isisombululo sesitokhwe ngexesha lonyango lwe-aerobic biological. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kukhulu, amanzi amdaka anokunyangwa nge-biochemically, kwaye kunzima ukuwakhupha ngokuthe ngqo ukuya kumgangatho emva konyango lwe-biochemical. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwe-aerobic kuphela. Kukho unyango oluncinci olufumanekayo kwaye unyango lwangaphambi konyango luyimfuneko. Iindlela zonyango lwe-aerobic biological ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka indlela ye-activated sludge, indlela ye-deep well aeration, indlela ye-adsorption biodegradation (indlela ye-AB), indlela ye-contact oxidation, indlela ye-batch batch activated sludge (indlela ye-SBR), indlela ye-circulating activated sludge, njl. (indlela ye-CASS) njalo njalo.
Indlela yokungenisa umoya emthonjeni onzulu
Umoya ophantsi kwimithombo enzulu yinkqubo yodaka olusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu. Le ndlela inesantya esiphezulu sokusetyenziswa kweoksijini, indawo encinci yomgangatho, isiphumo esihle sonyango, utyalo-mali oluphantsi, iindleko zokusebenza eziphantsi, akukho daka luqokelelwayo kwaye imveliso yalo incinci. Ukongeza, isiphumo sayo sokuthintela ubushushu silungile, kwaye unyango aluchaphazeleki ziimeko zemozulu, ezinokuqinisekisa isiphumo sonyango lwelindle lasebusika kwimimandla esemantla. Emva kokuba amanzi amdaka endalo axineneyo aphezulu avela kwiNortheast Pharmaceutical Factory ephathwe ngemichiza yitanki yomoya ophantsi kwimithombo enzulu, izinga lokususwa kwe-COD lifikelele kwi-92.7%. Kuyabonakala ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kokucubungula kuphezulu kakhulu, okuluncedo kakhulu ekuqhubekeni okulandelayo. Badlala indima ebalulekileyo.
Indlela ye-AB
Indlela ye-AB yindlela yodaka olusebenza kakhulu olusebenzisa umthwalo omninzi. Izinga lokususwa kwe-BOD5, i-COD, i-SS, i-phosphorus kunye ne-ammonia nitrogen yinkqubo ye-AB ngokubanzi liphezulu kunelo lenkqubo yodaka olusebenzayo olusebenzisayo oluqhelekileyo. Iingenelo zayo ezibalaseleyo kumthwalo ophezulu wecandelo le-A, umthamo oqinileyo womthwalo wokulwa noxinzelelo, kunye nefuthe elikhulu lokuthintela kwixabiso le-pH kunye nezinto ezinobuthi. Ifanelekile ngokukodwa ekunyangweni kwamanzi amdaka ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye notshintsho olukhulu kumgangatho wamanzi kunye nobungakanani. Indlela kaYang Junshi et al. isebenzisa indlela yebhayoloji ye-hydrolysis acidification-AB ukunyanga amanzi amdaka e-antibiotic, anokuhamba kwenkqubo emfutshane, ukonga amandla, kwaye iindleko zonyango ziphantsi kunendlela yonyango lwe-chemical flocculation-biological yamanzi amdaka afanayo.
i-oxidation yoqhagamshelwano lwebhayoloji
Le teknoloji idibanisa iingenelo zendlela ye-sludge esebenzayo kunye nendlela ye-biofilm, kwaye ineengenelo zomthwalo ophezulu, imveliso ye-sludge ephantsi, ukumelana okunamandla kwempembelelo, ukusebenza kwenkqubo okuzinzileyo kunye nolawulo olulula. Iiprojekthi ezininzi zisebenzisa indlela enamanqanaba amabini, ejolise ekukhuliseni iintlobo ezinkulu kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo, ukunika umdlalo opheleleyo kwisiphumo sokusebenzisana phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo eentsholongwane, kunye nokuphucula iziphumo ze-biochemical kunye nokumelana nokushaqeka. Kwinjineli, ukugaya ukutya okungeyo-aerobic kunye ne-acidification zihlala zisetyenziswa njengenyathelo lonyango lwangaphambi konyango, kwaye inkqubo ye-contact oxidation isetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanzi amdaka eyezamayeza. I-Harbin North Pharmaceutical Factory isebenzisa inkqubo ye-hydrolysis acidification-inqanaba ezimbini zebhayoloji ye-contact oxidation ukunyanga amanzi amdaka eyezamayeza. Iziphumo zokusebenza zibonisa ukuba isiphumo sonyango sizinzile kwaye indibaniselwano yenkqubo ifanelekile. Ngokukhula kancinci kancinci kwetekhnoloji yenkqubo, amasimi okusetyenziswa nawo abanzi ngakumbi.
Indlela ye-SBR
Indlela ye-SBR ineengenelo zokuxhathisa umthwalo onzima kakhulu, umsebenzi ophezulu wodaka, ulwakhiwo olulula, akukho mfuneko yokubuyela umva, ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo, indawo encinci, utyalo-mali oluphantsi, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, izinga eliphezulu lokususa i-substrate, kunye nokususwa kwe-nitrification elungileyo kunye nokususwa kwe-phosphorus. . Amanzi amdaka atshintshatshintshayo. Uvavanyo lokunyanga amanzi amdaka ngamayeza ngenkqubo ye-SBR lubonisa ukuba ixesha lokungenisa umoya linempembelelo enkulu kwisiphumo sonyango lwenkqubo; ukubekwa kwamacandelo anoxic, ngakumbi uyilo oluphindaphindwayo lwe-anaerobic kunye ne-aerobic, kunokuphucula kakhulu isiphumo sonyango; unyango oluphuculweyo lwe-SBR lwe-PAC Inkqubo inokuphucula kakhulu isiphumo sokususwa kwenkqubo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inkqubo iye yaba gqibelele ngakumbi kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lwamanzi amdaka ngamayeza.
Unyango lwebhayoloji lwe-Anaerobic
Okwangoku, unyango lwamanzi amdaka amdaka ane-concentration ephezulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe lusekelwe kakhulu kwindlela ye-anaerobic, kodwa i-COD ephumayo isephezulu emva konyango ngendlela eyahlukileyo ye-anaerobic, kwaye emva konyango (njengonyango lwe-aerobic biological) luyimfuneko ngokubanzi. Okwangoku, kusafuneka ukuqinisa uphuhliso kunye noyilo lwee-reactors ze-anaerobic ezisebenzayo kakhulu, kunye nophando olunzulu kwiimeko zokusebenza. Ezona zicelo ziphumelele kakhulu kunyango lwamanzi amdaka ngamayeza yi-Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB), i-Anaerobic Composite Bed (UBF), i-Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR), i-hydrolysis, njl.
UMthetho we-UASB
I-reactor ye-UASB ineengenelo zokusebenza kakuhle kwe-anaerobic digestion, ulwakhiwo olulula, ixesha elifutshane lokugcina amanzi, kwaye akukho mfuneko yesixhobo sokubuyisela udaka esahlukileyo. Xa i-UASB isetyenziswa kunyango lwe-kanamycin, i-chlorin, i-VC, i-SD, i-glucose kunye nezinye iikhemikhali zokuvelisa amanzi amdaka, umxholo we-SS uhlala ungekho phezulu kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinga lokususa i-COD lingaphezulu kwe-85% ukuya kwi-90%. Izinga lokususa i-COD loluhlu lwezigaba ezimbini lwe-UASB linokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-90%.
Indlela ye-UBF
Thenga uWenning nabanye. Uvavanyo lokuthelekisa lwenziwe kwi-UASB kunye ne-UBF. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-UBF ineempawu zokudluliselwa kakuhle kobunzima kunye nefuthe lokwahlukana, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-biomass kunye ne-biological, ukusebenza kakuhle kokucubungula, kunye nozinzo oluqinileyo lokusebenza. I-oxygen bioreactor.
I-Hydrolysis kunye ne-asidi
Itanki ye-hydrolysis ibizwa ngokuba yi-Hydrolyzed Upstream Sludge Bed (HUSB) kwaye yi-UASB eguquliweyo. Xa ithelekiswa netanki ye-anaerobic epheleleyo, itanki ye-hydrolysis inezi nzuzo zilandelayo: akukho mfuneko yokuvala, akukho kuxuba, akukho kwahlulahlula-hlulo lwezigaba ezintathu, okunciphisa iindleko kwaye kube lula ukugcinwa; inokonakalisa ii-macromolecules kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezingaboliyo kwi-lindle zibe zii-molecules ezincinci. Izinto eziphilayo eziboliyo ngokulula ziphucula ukuboliyo kwamanzi aluhlaza; impendulo ikhawuleza, umthamo wetanki uncinci, utyalo-mali lokwakha imali luncinci, kwaye umthamo we-sludge uyancipha. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inkqubo ye-hydrolysis-aerobic isetyenziswa kakhulu kunyango lwamanzi amdaka eyezamayeza. Umzekelo, umzi-mveliso we-biopharmaceutical usebenzisa inkqubo ye-hydrolytic acidification-isigaba esibini se-biological contact oxidation ukunyanga amanzi amdaka eyezamayeza. Umsebenzi uzinzile kwaye isiphumo sokususwa kwezinto eziphilayo siyamangalisa. Amazinga okususwa kwe-COD, i-BOD5 SS kunye ne-SS ayeyi-90.7%, 92.4% kunye ne-87.6%, ngokwahlukeneyo.
Inkqubo yonyango oludibeneyo lwe-Anaerobic-aerobic
Ekubeni unyango lwe-aerobic okanye unyango lwe-anaerobic lodwa lungenakuhlangabezana neemfuno, iinkqubo ezidibeneyo ezifana nonyango lwe-anaerobic-aerobic, i-hydrolytic acidification-aerobic ziphucula ukubola kwe-bio, ukumelana nempembelelo, iindleko zotyalo-mali kunye nempembelelo yonyango lwamanzi amdaka. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimisebenzi yobunjineli ngenxa yokusebenza kwendlela enye yokucubungula. Umzekelo, umzi-mveliso wamayeza usebenzisa inkqubo ye-anaerobic-aerobic ukunyanga amanzi amdaka eyeza, izinga lokususwa kwe-BOD5 liyi-98%, izinga lokususwa kwe-COD liyi-95%, kwaye isiphumo sonyango sizinzile. Inkqubo ye-Micro-electrolysis-anaerobic hydrolysis-acidification-SBR isetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanzi amdaka eyeza amakhemikhali. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba lonke uthotho lweenkqubo lunokumelana okukhulu nempembelelo kutshintsho kumgangatho kunye nobungakanani bamanzi amdaka, kwaye izinga lokususwa kwe-COD linokufikelela kwi-86% ukuya kwi-92%, olu lukhetho olufanelekileyo lwenkqubo yokunyanga amanzi amdaka eyeza. – Catalytic Oxidation – Contact Oxidation Process. Xa i-COD ye-influent imalunga ne-12 000 mg/L, i-COD yenkunkuma ingaphantsi kwe-300 mg/L; izinga lokususwa kwe-COD kumanzi amdaka eyeza anganyangekiyo ngokwebhayoloji anyangwa yindlela ye-biofilm-SBR linokufikelela kwi-87.5% ~ 98.31%, eliphezulu kakhulu kunelo lokusetyenziswa kanye. Isiphumo sonyango sendlela ye-biofilm kunye nendlela ye-SBR.
Ukongeza, ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji ye-membrane, uphando lokusetyenziswa kwe-membrane bioreactor (MBR) kunyango lwamanzi amdaka eyezamayeza luye lwanda kancinci kancinci. I-MBR idibanisa iimpawu zobuchwepheshe bokwahlulwa kwe-membrane kunye nonyango lwebhayoloji, kwaye ineenzuzo zomthwalo ophezulu, ukumelana okunamandla kwempembelelo, indawo encinci, kunye nodaka oluncinci olushiyekileyo. Inkqubo ye-anaerobic membrane bioreactor yasetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanzi amdaka e-pharmaceutical intermediate acid chloride nge-COD ye-25 000 mg/L. Izinga lokususwa kwe-COD kwenkqubo lihlala lingaphezulu kwe-90%. Okokuqala, amandla okubophelela iibhaktheriya ukuba zonakalise izinto ezithile eziphilayo asetyenzisiwe. Ii-extractive membrane bioreactors zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanzi amdaka emizi-mveliso aqulethe i-3,4-dichloroaniline. I-HRT yayiziiyure ezi-2, izinga lokususwa lifikelele kwi-99%, kwaye isiphumo sonyango esifanelekileyo safunyanwa. Nangona ingxaki yokungcolisa i-membrane, ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwetekhnoloji ye-membrane, i-MBR iya kusetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo lokunyanga amanzi amdaka eyezamayeza.
2. Inkqubo yonyango kunye nokukhethwa kwamanzi amdaka eyeza
Iimpawu zomgangatho wamanzi zamanzi amdaka amachiza zenza kube nzima ukuba uninzi lwamanzi amdaka amachiza lufumane unyango lwe-biochemical kuphela, ngoko ke kufuneka kwenziwe unyango oluyimfuneko ngaphambi kokuba kulungiswe unyango lwe-biochemical. Ngokubanzi, kufuneka kumiselwe itanki elilawulayo ukuze kulungiswe umgangatho wamanzi kunye nexabiso le-pH, kwaye indlela ye-physicochemical okanye yekhemikhali kufuneka isetyenziswe njengenkqubo yonyango lwangaphambi kwexesha ngokwemeko yokwenyani ukunciphisa i-SS, ityuwa kunye nenxalenye ye-COD emanzini, ukunciphisa izinto ezithintelayo kwi-biological emanzini amdaka, kunye nokuphucula ukubola kwamanzi amdaka. ukuze kube lula unyango lwamanzi amdaka emva koko.
Amanzi amdaka alungisiweyo kwangaphambili anokunyangwa ngeenkqubo ze-anaerobic kunye ne-aerobic ngokweempawu zawo zomgangatho wamanzi. Ukuba iimfuno zokungcola ziphezulu, inkqubo yonyango lwe-aerobic kufuneka iqhubeke emva kwenkqubo yonyango lwe-aerobic. Ukukhethwa kwenkqubo ethile kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo izinto ezifana nohlobo lwamanzi amdaka, isiphumo sonyango lwenkqubo, utyalo-mali kwiziseko zophuhliso, kunye nokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa ukuze kwenziwe ubuchwepheshe bube nokwenzeka kwaye bube noqoqosho. Indlela yonke yenkqubo yinkqubo edibeneyo yonyango lwangaphambi konyango-anaerobic-aerobic-(emva konyango). Inkqubo edibeneyo ye-hydrolysis adsorption-contact oxidation-filtration isetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanzi amdaka axutyiweyo eyezamayeza aqulethe i-insulin yokwenziwa.
3. Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluncedo emanzini amdaka emithi
Khuthaza imveliso ecocekileyo kwishishini lamayeza, uphucule izinga lokusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, izinga elipheleleyo lokubuyiselwa kweemveliso eziphakathi kunye neemveliso ezingaphantsi, kwaye unciphise okanye uphelise ungcoliseko kwinkqubo yemveliso ngotshintsho lwetekhnoloji. Ngenxa yobuchule bezinye iinkqubo zemveliso yamayeza, amanzi amdaka aqulethe inani elikhulu lezinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe. Ukunyanga amanzi amdaka anjalo amachiza, inyathelo lokuqala kukuqinisa ukubuyiswa kwezinto kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo. Kumanzi amdaka aphakathi amachiza anomxholo wetyuwa ye-ammonium ofikelela kwi-5% ukuya kwi-10%, ifilimu yokucoca esisigxina isetyenziselwa ukufuma, ukugxila kunye ne-crystallization ukuze kubuyiselwe (NH4)2SO4 kunye ne-NH4NO3 enenxalenye yobunzima obumalunga ne-30%. Sebenzisa njengesichumiso okanye ukuphinda usebenzise. Iingenelo zoqoqosho zicacile; inkampani yamayeza ezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu isebenzisa indlela yokucoca ukuze iphathe amanzi amdaka emveliso anomxholo ophezulu kakhulu we-formaldehyde. Emva kokuba igesi ye-formaldehyde ifunyenwe, inokwenziwa ibe yi-reagent ye-formalin okanye itshiswe njengomthombo wobushushu bebhoyila. Ngokufumana kwakhona i-formaldehyde, ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo kwezixhobo kunokufezekiswa, kwaye iindleko zotyalo-mali lwesikhululo sonyango zinokufunyanwa kwisithuba seminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwemi-5, kufezekiswa ukuhlanganiswa kweenzuzo zokusingqongileyo kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo, ukwakheka kwamanzi amdaka asetyenziswa ngamayeza aqhelekileyo kuyinkimbinkimbi, kunzima ukuwasebenzisa kwakhona, inkqubo yokubuyisela iyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye iindleko ziphezulu. Ke ngoko, itekhnoloji yonyango lwamanzi amdaka ephucukileyo nesebenzayo yeyona nto iphambili ekusombululeni ngokupheleleyo ingxaki yamanzi amdaka.
4 Isiphelo
Kukho iingxelo ezininzi malunga nokunyangwa kwamanzi amdaka asetyenziswa ngamayeza. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokwahluka kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye neenkqubo kwishishini lamayeza, umgangatho wamanzi amdaka uyahluka kakhulu. Ke ngoko, akukho ndlela yonyango evuthiweyo nedibeneyo yamanzi amdaka asetyenziswa ngamayeza. Yeyiphi indlela yenkqubo ekufuneka ikhethwe ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwamanzi amdaka. Ngokweempawu zamanzi amdaka, unyango lwangaphambi konyango lufuneka ngokubanzi ukuphucula ukubola kwamanzi amdaka, ukususa ungcoliseko ekuqaleni, uze udityaniswe nonyango lwe-biochemical. Okwangoku, uphuhliso lwesixhobo sonyango lwamanzi esidibeneyo esingabizi kakhulu nesisebenzayo yingxaki engxamisekileyo ekufuneka isonjululwe.
IfektriIkhemikhali yaseTshayinaI-Anionic PAM Polyacrylamide Cationic Polymer Flocculant, iChitosan, iChitosan Powder, unyango lwamanzi okusela, iarhente yokususa umbala emanzini, i-dammac, i-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, i-dicyandiamide, i-dcda, i-defoamer, i-antifoam, i-pac, i-poly aluminium chloride, i-polyaluminium, i-polyelectrolyte, i-pam, i-polyacrylamide, i-polydadmac, i-pdadmac, i-polyamine, Asizisi nje kuphela umgangatho ophezulu kubathengi bethu, kodwa okubaluleke ngakumbi ngumboneleli wethu omkhulu kunye nexabiso lokuthengisa elikhawulezayo.
I-ODM Factory eTshayina iPAM, i-Anionic Polyacrylamide, i-HPAM, i-PHPA, Inkampani yethu isebenza ngomgaqo wokusebenza othi “isekelwe ekugqibeleleni, idalwe intsebenziswano, ijolise ebantwini, intsebenziswano ephumeleleyo”. Sinethemba lokuba singaba nobudlelwane obuhle nosomashishini abavela kwihlabathi liphela.
Ithathwe kwiBaidu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-15-2022