Uninzi lwabemi belizwe lam luhlala kwiidolophu ezincinci nakwimimandla yasemaphandleni, kwaye ukungcoliswa kogutyulo lwasemaphandleni kummandla wamanzi kuye kwatsala ingqalelo eyandayo.Ngaphandle komgangatho ophantsi wokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kummandla osentshona, izinga lokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kwimimandla yasemaphandleni yelizwe lam liye landa ngokubanzi.Nangona kunjalo, ilizwe lam linommandla omkhulu, kwaye iimeko zokusingqongileyo, iindlela zokuphila kunye neemeko zoqoqosho kwiidolophu kunye needolophana kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo ziyahluka kakhulu.Indlela yokwenza umsebenzi omhle kunyango logutyulo olunabileyo ngokweemeko zendawo, amava amazwe aphuhlileyo afanele ukufundwa.
eyona teknoloji yelizwe lam yokucoca ilindle
Kukho ubukhulu becala ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zobuchwepheshe bokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka asemaphandleni kwilizwe lam (jonga uMfanekiso 1): iteknoloji yebhayoloji, iteknoloji yonyango lodaka olusebenzayo, iteknoloji yonyango lwendalo, itekhnoloji yokucocwa komhlaba, kunye nobuchwephesha bonyango oludityanisiweyo lwebhayoloji kunye nendalo.Idigri yesicelo, kwaye ube neemeko eziyimpumelelo zolawulo lokusebenza.Ngokwembono yesikali sokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, umthamo wokucocwa kwamanzi ungaphantsi kweetoni ezingama-500.
1. Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zobugcisa bokucocwa kogutyulo lwasemaphandleni
Kwindlela yokucocwa kogutyulo lwasemaphandleni, inkqubo yetekhnoloji nganye ibonisa ezi zibonelelo zilandelayo kunye nokungalunganga:
Indlela ye-sludge esebenzayo: ulawulo oluguquguqukayo kunye nolawulo oluzenzekelayo, kodwa ixabiso eliqhelekileyo kwikhaya ngalinye liphezulu, kwaye abasebenzi abakhethekileyo bayafuneka ekusebenzeni nasekugcinweni.
Itekhnoloji ye-wetland eyakhiwe: ixabiso eliphantsi lokwakha, kodwa izinga lokususa eliphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakubi kunye nokulawula.
Ukunyangwa komhlaba: ukwakhiwa, ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kulula, kwaye iindleko ziphantsi, kodwa zinokungcolisa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwaye zifuna ukusebenza kwexesha elide kunye nolawulo lokugcinwa.
I-Biological Turntable + ibhedi yezityalo: ilungele ummandla osemazantsi, kodwa kunzima ukuyisebenzisa kunye nokugcina.
Isikhululo esincinci sokucoca ugutyulo lwamanzi amdaka: kufutshane nendlela yokunyanga ilindle lasekhaya lasezidolophini.Inzuzo yeyokuba umgangatho wamanzi amdaka ulungile, kwaye okungalunganga kukuba akakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zelindle lezolimo zasemaphandleni.
Nangona ezinye iindawo zikhuthaza ubuchwephesha bokucocwa kogutyulo lwasemaphandleni “olungenawo amandla”, ubuchwephesha bokucocwa kogutyulo “olunamandla” lusengumlinganiselo omkhulu.Okwangoku, kwiindawo ezininzi zasemaphandleni, umhlaba wabelwe amakhaya, kwaye kukho imihlaba embalwa kawonkewonke, kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa komhlaba kwiindawo eziphuhliswe kwezoqoqosho liphantsi kakhulu.Imithombo yomhlaba ephezulu, encinci ekhoyo yokucoca ilindle.Ngoko ke, iteknoloji yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka "eguquguqukayo" inethuba elihle lokufaka isicelo kwiindawo ezinokusetyenziswa komhlaba omncinci, uqoqosho oluphuhlisiweyo kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho wamanzi.Itekhnoloji yokucocwa kwelindle ekonga amandla kwaye icuthe ukusetyenziswa iye yaba yindlela yophuhliso lweteknoloji yokucocwa kogutyulo lwangaphakathi ezilalini nasezidolophini.
2. Indlela yokudityaniswa kobuchwephesha bokucocwa kogutyulo lwasemaphandleni
indibaniselwano yetekhnoloji yogutyulo lwamanzi amdaka elizwe lam inezi ndlela zintathu zilandelayo:
Imo yokuqala yi-MBR okanye i-oxidation yoqhagamshelwano okanye inkqubo yodaka esebenzayo.Ugutyulo lungena kuqala kwitanki ye-septic, emva koko lungene kwiyunithi yonyango lwebhayoloji, kwaye ekugqibeleni lukhuphele kumanzi ajikelezileyo ukuze lusetyenziswe kwakhona.Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwamanzi amdaka emaphandleni kuxhaphake kakhulu.
Imodi yesibini yi-anaerobic + i-artificial wetland okanye i-anaerobic + ichibi okanye umhlaba we-anaerobic +, oko kukuthi, iyunithi ye-anaerobic isetyenziswe emva kwetanki ye-septic, kwaye emva kokunyangwa kwe-ecological, ikhutshwe kwindalo okanye ingene kusetyenziso lwezolimo.
Indlela yesithathu isebenze i-sludge + umgxobhozo owenziweyo, i-sludge esebenzayo + ichibi, i-oxidation yoqhagamshelwano + umhlaba omanzi owenziweyo, okanye i-oxidation yokudibanisa + umhlaba, oko kukuthi, izixhobo ze-aerobic kunye ne-aeration zisetyenziswa emva kwetanki ye-septic, kwaye iyunithi yonyango ye-ecological iyongezwa. ukususwa kwe-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus.
Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, imowudi yokuqala ithatha eyona nxalenye inkulu, ifikelela kuma-61%.
Phakathi kwezi ndlela zintathu zingasentla, i-MBR inesiphumo esingcono sonyango kwaye ifanelekile kwezinye iindawo ezineemfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho wamanzi, kodwa iindleko zokusebenza ziphezulu kakhulu.Iindleko zokusebenza kunye neendleko zokwakhiwa kwemigxobhozo eyakhiweyo kunye nobuchwepheshe be-anaerobic ziphantsi kakhulu, kodwa ukuba kuqwalaselwa ngokubanzi, kuyimfuneko ukwandisa inkqubo yokungenisa umoya ukuze kuphunyezwe isiphumo esifanelekileyo sokulahlwa kwamanzi.
Ubuchwephesha bokucocwa kogutyulo olunatyisiweyo lufakwe kumazwe angaphandle
1. EUnited States
Ngokwenkqubo yolawulo kunye neemfuno zobugcisa, ukucocwa kogutyulo olunabileyo e-United States lusebenza phantsi kwesakhelo esipheleleyo.Okwangoku, inkqubo yogutyulo lwelindle olunatyisiweyo e-United States ikakhulu inobu buchwepheshe bulandelayo:
itanki yeseptic.Amatanki e-Septic kunye nonyango lomhlaba ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa iteknoloji kumazwe angaphandle.Ngokutsho kwedatha yophando lwaseJamani, malunga neepesenti ezingama-32 zamanzi amdaka afanelekile kunyango lomhlaba, apho i-10-20% ayifanelekanga.Isizathu sokungaphumeleli sinokuthi inkqubo ingcolise amanzi aphantsi komhlaba, njengale: ixesha lokusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo;umthwalo ogqithisileyo we-hydraulic;iingxaki zoyilo kunye nofakelo;iingxaki zolawulo lomsebenzi, njl.
isihluzo sesanti.Ukuhluzwa kwesanti yitekhnoloji yokucocwa kogutyulo oluxhaphake kakhulu e-United States, enokufikelela kwisiphumo esihle sokususa.
Unyango lweAerobic.Unyango lwe-Aerobic lusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi e-United States, kwaye isikali sonyango ngokuqhelekileyo si-1.5-5.7t / d, usebenzisa indlela ye-biological turntable okanye indlela ye-sludge esebenzayo.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-United States ikwancamathele ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuphatheni ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwenitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus.Uninzi lwenitrogen eUnited States ifumaneka kumanzi amdaka.Kubalulekile ukunciphisa iindleko zokusetyenzwa okulandelayo ngokuhlukana kwangethuba.
Ukongezelela, kukho ukutshatyalaliswa kweentsholongwane, ukususwa kwezondlo, ukuhlukana komthombo, kunye nokususwa kwe-N kunye ne-P kunye nokubuyisela.
2. EJapan
Itekhnoloji yaseJapan yokucoca ugutyulo olunabileyo yaziwa kakhulu ngenkqubo yokucoca itanki yeseptic.Imithombo yogutyulo lwasekhaya eJapan yahluke ngandlel’ ithile kuleyo yelizwe lam.Ikakhulu iqokelelwa ngokohlelo lwamanzi amdaka empahla kunye namanzi amdaka asekhitshini.
Iitanki ze-Septic eJapan zifakwe kwiindawo ezingafanelekanga ukuqokelelwa kombhobho wombhobho kwaye apho ubuninzi babantu buphantsi.Iitanki zeSeptic ziyilelwe abantu abahlukeneyo kunye neeparamitha.Nangona iitanki zeseptic zangoku zitshintshwa ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye, zisalawulwa ziisinki.Emva kwe-AO reactor, i-anaerobic, i-deoxidizing, i-aerobic, i-sedimentation, i-disinfection kunye nezinye iinkqubo, kufuneka kuthiwe itanki ye-A septic isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.Ukusetyenziswa okuyimpumelelo kwetanki ze-septic eJapan ayisiyo nje into yobugcisa, kodwa inkqubo yolawulo olupheleleyo phantsi kwesikhokelo somthetho esipheleleyo, esenza ityala eliyimpumelelo.Okwangoku, kukho iimeko zokusetyenziswa kweetanki ze-septic kwilizwe lethu, kwaye kufuneka kuthiwe kukho iimarike eMzantsi-mpuma Asia.Amazwe afana noMzantsi-mpuma we-Asiya, i-Indonesia, kunye neePhilippines nawo achatshazelwa ngumgaqo-nkqubo waseJapan wokucocwa kogutyulo.IMalaysia kunye ne-Indonesia zenze ezazo iinkcukacha zobugcisa basekhaya kunye nezikhokelo zamatanki e-septic, kodwa ekusebenzeni ezi nkcazo kunye nezikhokelo zisenokungalungeli imeko yazo yangoku yophuhliso loqoqosho.
3. IManyano yaseYurophu
Ngapha koko, kukho amazwe aphuhliswe ngokwezoqoqosho nakwitekhnoloji ngaphakathi kwe-EU, kunye neminye imimandla esemva kwezoqoqosho nakwezobuchwepheshe.Ngokumalunga nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho, zifana neemeko zelizwe laseTshayina.Emva kokufezekisa impumelelo yezoqoqosho, i-EU iphinda isebenze nzima ekuphuculeni ukucocwa kwelindle, kwaye ngo-2005 ipasile umgangatho we-EU we-EN12566-3 wonyango oluncinci lwe-decentralized decentralized.Lo mgangatho kufuneka kuthiwa yindlela yokulungelelanisa imilinganiselo kwiimeko zendawo, iimeko zejografi, njl., Ukukhetha itekhnoloji yonyango eyahlukileyo, ngokukodwa kubandakanywa iitanki ze-septic kunye nokuphathwa komhlaba.Phakathi kolunye uthotho lwemigangatho, amaziko abanzi, amaziko amancinci okucoca ilindle kunye neenkqubo zokucocwa kwangaphambili nazo zibandakanyiwe.
4. EIndiya
Emva kokwazisa ngokufutshane iimeko zamazwe aliqela ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho, makhe ndichaze imeko yamazwe asakhasayo akuMzantsi-mpuma Asia asondelelene kakhulu nemimandla yelizwe lam ehlwempuzekileyo ngokwezoqoqosho.Ugutyulo lwasekhaya eIndiya ubukhulu becala luphuma kumanzi amdaka ekhitshini.Ngokumalunga nokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, itekhnoloji yetanki ye-septic okwangoku isetyenziswa kakhulu eMzantsi-mpuma Asia.Kodwa ingxaki ngokubanzi ifana neyelizwe lethu, oko kukuthi, zonke iintlobo zokungcola kwamanzi zibonakala kakhulu.Ngenkxaso kaRhulumente waseIndiya, izenzo kunye neenkqubo zokunyusa ngokufanelekileyo iitanki ze-septic ziyaqhubeka, kunye neenkcukacha zonyango lwe-septic tank kunye neteknoloji yokudibanisa i-oxidation endaweni.
5. EIndonesia
I-Indonesia ikwimimandla yeetropiki.Nangona uphuhliso loqoqosho lwasemaphandleni luhlelelekile, ilindle lasekhaya labahlali basekuhlaleni ligalelwa ikakhulu emilanjeni.Ke ngoko, iimeko zempilo zasemaphandleni eMalaysia, Thailand, Vietnam nakwamanye amazwe azinathemba.Ukusetyenziswa kwamatanki e-septic e-Indonesia akhawunti ye-50%, kwaye baye baqulunqa imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo yokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwemimiselo kunye nemigangatho yeetanki ze-septic e-Indonesia.
Advanced amava angaphandle
Ukushwankathela ngokufutshane, amazwe aphuhlileyo anamava amaninzi aphambili ilizwe lam elinokufunda kuwo: inkqubo yokubeka emgangathweni kumazwe aphuhlileyo igqibelele kwaye isemgangathweni, kwaye kukho inkqubo yolawulo olusebenzayo, kubandakanywa uqeqesho lobuchwephesha kunye nemfundo yoluntu., ngelixa imigaqo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kumazwe athuthukileyo icace kakhulu.
Ngokukodwa zibandakanya: (1) Cacisa uxanduva lokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, urhulumente uxhasa ukunyanyekelwa kogutyulo lwelindle ngeemali kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo;ukuqulunqa imigangatho ehambelanayo yokulawula kunye nokukhokela ukucocwa kogutyulo olunatyisiweyo;(2) ukuseka ulawulo olufanelekileyo, olusemgangathweni nolusebenzayo kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lweshishini ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso olusebenzayo kunye nokusebenza kwexesha elide lokucocwa kogutyulo olunatyisiweyo;(3) Ukuphucula ubungakanani, intlalontle, kunye nobuchule bokwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza kweendawo zogutyulo ezinatyisiweyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe iingenelo, kuncitshiswe iindleko, kwaye kube lula ukubeka iliso;(4) Ubungcali (5) upapasho kunye nemfundo kunye neeprojekthi zokuthatha inxaxheba kwabemi, njl.
Kwinkqubo yokwenza isicelo, amava ayimpumelelo kunye nezifundo zokusilela zishwankathelwa ukuze kuphuhliswe uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweteknoloji yelizwe lam yokucoca ilindle.
Cr.antop
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-13-2023