Uninzi lwabemi belizwe lam bahlala kwiidolophu ezincinci nakwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, kunye nokungcoliseka kwemfazwe yasemaphandleni ukuya kumda wamanzi kutsalele ingqalelo eyandayo. Ngaphandle kwenqanaba lonyango olusezantsi kwingingqi yeNtshona, inqanaba lokunyanga ngokuhamba ngemimandla esemaphandleni yelizwe lam liye landa ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ilizwe lam linentsimi enkulu, kwaye iimeko zokusingqongileyo, imikhwa ephilayo kunye neemeko zoqoqosho zeedolophu neelali kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo ziyahluka kakhulu. Ukwenza njani umsebenzi olungileyo kunyango oluxhamleyo ngonyango lwemigaqo yendawo, amava amazwe aphuhlileyo kufanelekile ukuba afunde.
Itekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji yeLizwe lam
Kukho ezi ntlobo zeTekhnoloji yoNyango yasemaphandleni kwilizwekazi lam (jonga i-1): Itekhnoloji yoNyango yoNyango yeSludm, iTekhnoloji yoNyango yeNdawo, iTekhnoloji yoNyango, kunye neTekhnoloji yoNyango. Isidanga sesicelo, kwaye sinezimali eziphumelelayo zolawulo lwenkonzo. Ukusuka kwimbono yonyango lonyango, umthamo wonyango lwamanzi ngokubanzi ungaphantsi kwe-500 yeetoni.
1. Izibonelelo kunye nokungalunganga kwetekhnoloji yonyango lwasemaphandleni
Kwindlela yokuziqhelanisa neentsika zasemaphandleni, itekhnoloji nganye yeThekhinoloji ibonisa ezi zinto ziluncedo kunye nezinto ezingalunganga:
Indlela esebenzayo ye-SLUAL: Ulawulo oluguqukayo kunye nolawulo oluzenzekelayo, kodwa i-avareji yexabiso kwindlu nganye iphezulu, kwaye abasebenzi abakhethekileyo bayasebenza ukuze kusetyenzwe ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa.
Itekhnoloji emanzi emanziyo: Iindleko zokwakha eziphantsi, kodwa izinga lokususa eliphantsi kunye nokusebenza okungalunganga.
Unyango lomhlaba: Ulwakhiwo, ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kunye nokugcinwa kulula, kwaye iindleko ziphantsi, kodwa kunokungcolisa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwaye ufuna ukulawulwa kwexesha elide kunye nolawulo lwexesha elide kunye nolawulo lwexesha elide nolondolozo.
Ibhedi yesityalo
Isikhululo sonyango esincinci sokuhlambela Inzuzo kukuba umgangatho wamanzi amdaka onamanzi ulungile, kwaye ukungathandeki kukuba ayinakukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuntywila kwezolimo lwasemaphandleni.
Nangona ezinye iindawo zikhuthaza "ongenakwenziwa" ngamandla "itekhnoloji yonyango lwethagethi lusayala i-akhawunti enkulu. Okwangoku, kwiindawo ezininzi ezisemaphandleni, umhlaba wabelwe amakhaya, kwaye zimbalwa iindawo zikawonke-wonke, kwaye inqanaba lokusetyenziswa komhlaba kwiindawo eziphuhliswe zoqoqosho ziphantsi kakhulu. Izixhobo eziphakamileyo, ezincinci zomhlaba ezifumanekayo zonyango. Ke ngoko, "itekhnoloji yonyango eguqukayo" inombhalo onamandla onesifo sokuhlaselwa linethemba elifanelekileyo kwiindawo ezinokusetyenziswa okuncinci, ezoqoqosho ezikhuselweyo kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho ophezulu. Itekhnoloji yonyango lwe-Dewage egcina amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kube yinto yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yonyango lwe-shower yasekhaya kwiilali nakwiidolophu.
2. Indlela yokudibanisa yetekhnoloji yonyango lwasemaphandleni
Indibaniselwano yeTekhnoloji yeNdawo yokuThengisa yasemaphandleni yam ikakhulu inazo ezi ndlela zintathu zilandelayo:
Imowudi yokuqala yi-MBR okanye i-oxidation okanye inkqubo esebenzayo. Uhlaza okwenzi-mkhosi kuqala itanki ye-septic, emva koko ingena kwiCandelo loNyango loNyango, kwaye ekugqibeleni ikhuphe kumzimba wamanzi ojikelezileyo wokufumana kwakhona. Ukuphinda-phinda ubuye basemaphandleni kuxhaphake kakhulu.
Imo yesibini ye-Anaerobic + i-Ardaticial + i-Anaerobic + umhlaba + we-Anaerobic + umhlaba, kwaye isetyenziselwa itanki yendalo emva kokubekwa kwendalo, ikhutshiwe ekusetyenzisweni kwezemali.
Imodi yesithathu ivulwe i-Sludge + indawo emanziweyo ye-Sluatical, i-Sludlud Sludsial, isetyenziselwa i-oxicotion + i-ofisi ye-oxict + i-aerobic, i-aerobic kunye ne-Aerobic Sultical Stop Progen kunye ne-phosphorus yokususwa kwe-phosphogen kunye nokususwa kwe-phosphorus.
Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, ii-comples zokuqala zeyona ndawo inkulu, ifikelela kwi-61%).
Phakathi kwezi ndlela zintathu zingaphezulu, i-MBR ineziphumo ezingcono zonyango kwaye ilungele ezinye iindawo ezineemfuno ezisemgangathweni zamanzi, kodwa iindleko zokusebenza ziphezulu. Iindleko zokusebenza kunye neendleko zokwakha ezenziwe ngomgangatho omanzi kunye netekhnoloji ye-anaerobic ziphantsi kakhulu, kodwa ukuba ziqwalaselwe ngokugqibeleleyo, kufuneka zinyuse inkqubo yokuretya yokufezekisa ifuthe lokucinezela kwamanzi.
Itekhnoloji yoNyango ye-Dewage
1. I-United States
Ngokwenkqubo yolawulo kunye neemfuno zobugcisa, unyango olusezantsi lotywala kwi-United States lusebenza phantsi kwesakhelo esipheleleyo. Okwangoku, inkqubo yokuthathwa kwendlela yokunyanga e-United States ikakhulu inezi teknoloji zilandelayo:
Itanki lase-Septic. Iitanki ze-Septic kunye nonyango lomhlaba zisetyenziswa itekhnoloji eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa phesheya. Ngokutsho kwedatha yovavanyo lwaseJamani, malunga neepesenti ezingama-32 zokuntywila kufanelekile kunyango lomhlaba, apho i-10 ukuya kweliphi i-10 ukuya kwe-20% ayinakwenziwa. Unobangela wokusilela kusenokwenzeka ukuba inkqubo yenkqubo ingcolisa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba, njenge: Ixesha elininzi lokusebenzisa; umthwalo we-hydraulic ogqithisileyo; uyilo kunye neengxaki zokufaka; Iingxaki zolawulo lomsebenzi, njl.
Isihluzi sesanti. Ukuqunjelwa kwentlabathi yitekhnoloji yokunyanga esetyenziswayo eUnited States, enokufikelela kwimpembelelo entle yokukhupha.
Unyango lwe-aerobic. Unyango lwe-aerobic lusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi eUnited States, kwaye isikali sonyango ngokubanzi 1.5-5.7T / D, ukusebenzisa indlela ye-thesvernt yendalo okanye indlela esebenzayo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-United States ikwancamathisele ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuphatheni ngokukuko kwe-nitrogen kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-phosphorus. Uninzi lwe-nitrogen eUnited States lufumaneka kumanzi amdaka. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa iindleko zokulungisa emva kokwahlukana kwangoko.
Ukongeza, kukho iintsholongwane, ukuthuthwa kwesondlo, ukwahlulwa komthombo, kunye no-P kunye ne-p kunye nokuchasa.
I-2. Japan
Itekhnoloji yonyango lwe-Japan ekwaziyo i-Japan eyaziwayo isaziwa ngenkqubo yetanki ye-septic yayo. Imithombo yotywala yasekhaya eJapan ihlukile kwabo bakwilizwe lam. Iqokelelwa ikakhulu ngokwendlela yokuhlelwa kwamanzi amdaka ahlamba iimpahla kunye namanzi amdaka asekhitshini.
Iitanki ze-Septic eJapan zifakwe kwiindawo ezingafanelekanga kwi-Pipe Network Kokuqokelelwa kwe-Pipe Network kwaye apho ubukhulu becala baphantsi khona. Iitanki ze-Septicc zenzelwe abantu abahlukeneyo kunye neeparamitha. Nangona iitanki zangoku ze-septic zithathelwa indawo kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana, zilawulwa yi-sinks. Emva kwe-AO Reactor, i-Anaerobic, i-DeOxiding, i-Aerobic, i-Sedidetion, i-sediment, intsholongwane, kufuneka itshilo itanki ye-septic ikwindawo eqhelekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kweetanki ze-septic eJapan ayisiyonto nje yezobuchwephesha, kodwa yinkqubo yolawulo olupheleleyo phantsi kwesakhelo somthetho esipheleleyo, senza imeko ephumeleleyo. Okwangoku, kukho iimeko zesicelo zetanki le-septic kwilizwe lethu, kwaye kuya kuthiwa kukho iimarike ezikwimpuma ye-mpuma yeAsia. Amazwe afana ne-mpuma yeAsia, i-Indonesia, kwaye iiPhilippines ziyachaphazeleka ngumgaqo-nkqubo onyango lwaseJapan. I-Malaysia ne-Indonesia yenze imigaqo-nkqubo yalo yobugcisa yasekhaya kunye nezikhokelo zeetanki ze-septic, kodwa ekuziqheliseleni le ngcaciso kunye nezikhokelo azinakulunga kwimeko yazo yoqoqosho.
I-3. I-European Union
Ngapha koko, kukho amazwe athile oqoqosho nakwezobuchwepheshe ngaphakathi kwe-EU, kunye nemimandla engasemva nakwezobuchwephesha. Ngokuphathelele kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho, ziyafana neemeko zikazwelonke ze-China. Emva kokufumana impumelelo yezoqoqosho, i-EU ikwasebenza nzima ukuphucula unyango lwe-gebage, kwaye ngo-2005 wadlulisela i-EU20 ye-EU25666 ye-CAWARD CELURECRAFRAL. Lo mgangatho kufuneka kuthiwa yindlela yokuhlengahlengisa amanyathelo kwiimeko zendawo, iimeko zendawo, njl njl. Phakathi kwezinye iinkqubo zemigangatho, indawo ebanzi, izityalo ezincinci zonyango lwezityalo kunye neenkqubo zokuthathwa zibandakanyiwe.
4. I-India
Emva kokwazisa ngokutsha amatyala amazwe aqumzeli aphuhlileyo, ndizise imeko yamazwe asaphuhlayo eMzantsi-mpuma ye-Asia esondeleyo kwimimandla yelizwe yam yelizwe. I-Febage yasekhaya e-India ikakhulu ivela emanzini amdaka ekhitshi. Ngokuphathelele kunyango lwethayile, itekhnoloji ye-septic ye-septic okwangoku yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu eMzantsi-mpuma yeAsia. Kodwa ingxaki ngokubanzi iyafana nelizwe lethu, oko kukuthi, zonke iintlobo zokungcoliseka kwamanzi zicacile kakhulu. Ngenkxaso kuRhulumente wase-India, iintshukumo kunye neenkqubo zokwenzakala ngokufanelekileyo iitanki ze-septic ziqhubeka, ngenjongo yokunyanga i-septic chic kunye nokuqhagamshela itekhnoloji ye-oxidition.
5. I-Indonesia
I-Indonesia ibekwe kwiTropiki. Nangona uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho lwasemaphandleni lubuya umva, ukugquma kwekhaya labahlali bendawo kukhutshelwa kwimilambo. Ke ngoko, iimeko zempilo zaseMalaysia, Thailand, iVietnam kunye namanye amazwe azinethemba. Ukusetyenziswa kweetanki ze-septic kwi-akhawunti ye-Indonesia i-50%, kwaye kuye kwayenzela imigaqo-nkqubo efanelekileyo yokukhuthaza imigangatho nemigangatho yeetanki ze-septic eIndonesia.
Amava angaphandle angaphandle
Ukushwankathela ngokufutshane amazwe aphuhlileyo abe namava amaninzi anokufunda kwilizwe lam: , ngelixa imigaqo-nkqubo yonyango lokuntywila kumazwe aphuhlileyo icacile.
Ngokukodwa zibandakanya: (1) Cacisa uxanduva lonyango lwe-logere, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, urhulumente uxhasa unyango oluxhaswe ngamandla ngokusebenzisa imali kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo; Yakha imigangatho ehambelanayo yokulawula kunye nokukhokela unyango olunikezelweyo; . . (4) Ukuzikhethela (5) Uluntu kunye neeprojekthi zemfundo kunye nenxaxheba yabahlali, njl.
Kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwenkqubo, amava aphumeleleyo kwaye izifundo zokusilela zishwankathelwe ukufezekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwetekhnoloji yonyango lwelizwe.
Cr.astop
Ixesha lokuposa: APR-13 ukuya ku-9233