Makhe siqale sichaze umfuniselo woxinzelelo lwe-osmotic: sebenzisa inwebu ekwazi ukungena ngaphakathi ukwahlula izisombululo ezibini zetyuwa zoxinaniso olwahlukileyo. Iimolekyuli zamanzi zesisombululo setyuwa ephantsi-zigxininise ziya kudlula kwi-membrane ene-semi-permeable kwisisombululo setyuwa esiphezulu, kwaye iimolekyuli zamanzi zesisombululo setyuwa esiphezulu nazo ziya kudlula kwi-membrane ye-semi-permeable kwisisombululo setyuwa ephantsi, kodwa inani lincinci, ngoko inqanaba lolwelo kwicala lesisombululo setyuwa ephezulu liya kunyuka. Xa umahluko wobude bamanqanaba olwelo kumacala omabini uvelisa uxinzelelo olwaneleyo lokuthintela amanzi ukuba angaphinde ahambe, i-osmosis iya kuyeka. Ngeli xesha, uxinzelelo oluveliswa ngumahluko wobude bamanqanaba olwelo kumacala omabini luxinzelelo lweosmotic. Ngokuqhelekileyo, okukhona ityuwa iphezulu, kokukhona kukho uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic.
Imeko ye-microorganisms kwizisombululo zamanzi anetyuwa ifana novavanyo loxinzelelo lwe-osmotic. Isakhiwo seyunithi ye-microorganisms iiseli, kwaye udonga lweseli lulingana ne-semi-permeable membrane. Xa i-ion concentration ye-chloride ingaphantsi okanye ilingana ne-2000mg / L, uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic olunokumelana nodonga lweseli luyi-0.5-1.0 atmospheres. Nokuba udonga lweseli kunye ne-membrane ye-cytoplasmic inobunzima obuthile kunye nokuqina, uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic olunokumelana nodonga lweseli aluyi kuba lukhulu kune-5-6 atmospheres. Nangona kunjalo, xa i-chloride ion concentration kwisisombululo samanzi singaphezulu kwe-5000mg / L, uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic luya kunyuka malunga ne-10-30 atmospheres. Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-osmotic, inani elikhulu leemolekyuli zamanzi kwi-microorganism liya kungena kwisisombululo se-extracorporeal, kubangela ukuchithwa kweseli kunye ne-plasmolysis, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, i-microorganism iya kufa. Ubomi bemihla ngemihla, abantu basebenzisa ityuwa (i-sodium chloride) ukucoca imifuno kunye nentlanzi, inzalo kunye nokugcina ukutya, okusetyenziswa kwalo mgaqo.
Idatha yamava yobunjineli ibonisa ukuba xa i-chloride ion concentration kumanzi amdaka ingaphezu kwe-2000mg / L, umsebenzi we-microorganisms uya kuvinjelwa kwaye izinga lokususwa kwe-COD liya kuhla kakhulu; xa i-chloride i-ion concentration kumanzi amdaka ingaphezu kwe-8000mg / L, iya kubangela ukuba umthamo we-sludge wande, inani elikhulu le-foam liya kubonakala phezu kwamanzi, kwaye i-microorganisms iya kufa enye emva komnye.
Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuhlala ekhaya ixesha elide, i-microorganisms iya kulungelelanisa ngokuthe ngcembe ukukhula kunye nokuzala emanzini anetyuwa aphezulu. Okwangoku, abanye abantu bane-microorganisms zasekhaya ezikwazi ukuziqhelanisa ne-chloride ion okanye i-sulfate concentrations engaphezu kwe-10000mg/L. Nangona kunjalo, umgaqo woxinzelelo lwe-osmotic usixelela ukuba ityuwa yetyuwa ye-cell fluid ye-microorganisms eye yaqhelana nokukhula kunye nokuzala kumanzi etyuwa aphezulu kakhulu. Emva kokuba i-concentration yetyuwa kumanzi amdaka iphantsi okanye iphantsi kakhulu, inani elikhulu leemolekyuli zamanzi kumanzi amdaka liya kungena kwii-microorganisms, ezibangela ukuba iiseli ze-microbial zihluthe, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ziqhekeke kwaye zife. Ke ngoko, ii-microorganisms eziye zafuywa ekhaya ixesha elide kwaye zinokuqhelana ngokuthe ngcembe ekukhuleni nasekuveliseni kwakhona kumanzi anetyuwa agxininise kakhulu zifuna ukuba ityuwa yoxinzelelo kwimpembelelo ye-biochemical ihlale igcinwe kwinqanaba eliphakamileyo, kwaye ayinakuguquguquka, ngaphandle koko ii-microorganisms ziya kufa ngamanani amakhulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-28-2025