Masiqale sichaze uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwe-osmotic: sebenzisa i-membrane engakwazi ukugqitha amanzi ukuze wahlule izisombululo ezimbini zetyuwa ezahlukeneyo. Iimolekyuli zamanzi zesisombululo setyuwa esiphantsi ziya kudlula kwi-membrane engakwazi ukugqitha amanzi ziye kwisisombululo setyuwa esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, kwaye iimolekyuli zamanzi zesisombululo setyuwa esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu ziya kudlula kwi-membrane engakwazi ukugqitha amanzi ziye kwisisombululo setyuwa esinoxinzelelo oluphantsi, kodwa inani lincinci, ngoko ke inqanaba lolwelo kwicala lesisombululo setyuwa esinoxinzelelo oluphezulu liya kunyuka. Xa umahluko wokuphakama kwamanqanaba olwelo kumacala omabini uvelisa uxinzelelo olwaneleyo lokuthintela amanzi ukuba angaphindi aphume, i-osmosis iya kuma. Ngeli xesha, uxinzelelo oluveliswa ngumahluko wokuphakama kwamanqanaba olwelo kumacala omabini luxinzelelo lwe-osmotic. Ngokubanzi, xa uxinzelelo lwetyuwa luphezulu, kokukhona uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic lukhulu.
Imeko yee-microorganisms kwizisombululo zamanzi anetyuwa ifana novavanyo loxinzelelo lwe-osmotic. Ulwakhiwo lweyunithi yee-microorganisms ziiseli, kwaye udonga lweseli lulingana ne-membrane engenela kancinci. Xa uxinzelelo lwe-chloride ion lungaphantsi okanye lulingana ne-2000mg/L, uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic olunokumelana nodonga lweseli yi-0.5-1.0 atmospheres. Nokuba udonga lweseli kunye ne-cytoplasmic membrane zinobunzima obuthile kunye nokuthamba, uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic olunokumelana nodonga lweseli aluyi kuba ngaphezu kwe-5-6 atmospheres. Nangona kunjalo, xa uxinzelelo lwe-chloride ion kwisisombululo samanzi lungaphezulu kwe-5000mg/L, uxinzelelo lwe-osmotic luya kunyuka luye kwi-atmospheres ezimalunga ne-10-30. Phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kangaka lwe-osmotic, inani elikhulu leemolekyuli zamanzi kwi-microorganism ziya kungena kwisisombululo esingaphandle komzimba, zibangele ukomisa iiseli kunye ne-plasmolysis, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, i-microorganism iya kufa. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, abantu basebenzisa ityuwa (i-sodium chloride) ukuqhola imifuno kunye neentlanzi, ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokugcina ukutya, nto leyo esetyenziswa kulo mgaqo.
Idatha yamava obunjineli ibonisa ukuba xa uxinaniso lwe-chloride ion emanzini amdaka lungaphezulu kwe-2000mg/L, umsebenzi wezinto ezincinci uya kuthintelwa kwaye izinga lokususwa kwe-COD liya kwehla kakhulu; xa uxinaniso lwe-chloride ion emanzini amdaka lungaphezulu kwe-8000mg/L, kuya kubangela ukuba umthamo wodaka wande, inani elikhulu legwebu liya kuvela phezu kwamanzi, kwaye izinto ezincinci ziya kufa enye emva kwenye.
Nangona kunjalo, emva kokugcinwa ekhaya ixesha elide, iintsholongwane ziya kuziqhelanisa kancinci kancinci nokukhula nokuzala emanzini anetyuwa eninzi. Okwangoku, abanye abantu baneentsholongwane ezifuywayo ezinokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa ne-chloride ion okanye i-sulfate concentrations ezingaphezulu kwe-10000mg/L. Nangona kunjalo, umgaqo woxinzelelo lwe-osmotic usixelela ukuba uxinzelelo lwetyuwa lolwelo lweseli lweentsholongwane ezikwaziyo ukukhula nokuzala emanzini anetyuwa eninzi luphezulu kakhulu. Xa uxinzelelo lwetyuwa emanzini amdaka luphantsi okanye luphantsi kakhulu, inani elikhulu leemolekyuli zamanzi emanzini amdaka liya kungena kwiintsholongwane, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iiseli zentsholongwane zidumbe, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ziqhekeke zize zife. Ke ngoko, iintsholongwane ezifuywayo ixesha elide kwaye zinokuziqhelanisa kancinci kancinci nokukhula nokuzala emanzini anetyuwa eninzi zifuna ukuba uxinzelelo lwetyuwa kwimpembelelo ye-biochemical luhlale lugcinwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu, kwaye alunakutshintshatshintsha, kungenjalo iintsholongwane ziya kufa ngamanani amakhulu.
Ixesha leposi: Feb-28-2025