Ngenxa yesi sizathu, amazwe kwihlabathi liphela azame iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa, elangazelela ukufezekisa ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya, kunye nokubuyisela okusingqongileyo komhlaba.
Phantsi koxinzelelo oluvela kumaleko ukuya kumaleko, izityalo zamanzi amdaka, njengabasebenzisi bamandla amakhulu, zijongene notshintsho ngokwendalo:
Umzekelo, yomeleza umsebenzi wokunciphisa ungcoliseko kwaye ubandakanyeke ekususweni kwe-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus kakhulu;
Umzekelo, ukuphucula izinga lokwanela kwamandla ukuze kwenziwe uphuculo oluqhelekileyo kunye notshintsho ukuze kufezekiswe unyango lwelindle olusebenzisa ikhabhoni ephantsi;
Umzekelo, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukubuyiswa kwezixhobo kwinkqubo yokucoca amanzi amdaka ukuze kusetyenziswe kwakhona.
Ngoko ke kukho:
Ngowama-2003, kwakhiwa iziko lokuqala lamanzi e-NeWater emhlabeni elaphinda lasetyenziswa kwakhona eSingapore, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwamanzi amdaka kwafikelela kwimigangatho yamanzi okusela;
Ngowama-2005, isityalo sokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka sase-Austrian Strass safikelela ekuzinzeni kwamandla okokuqala ngqa emhlabeni, sixhomekeke kuphela ekubuyiselweni kwamandla eekhemikhali emanzini amdaka ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okucoca amanzi amdaka;
Ngowama-2016, umthetho waseSwitzerland wayalela ukuba kubuyiselwe izixhobo ze-phosphorus ezingavuselelekiyo kwilindle (udaka), umgquba wezilwanyana kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo.
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Njengelizwe elinolawulo lwamanzi eliqatshelwayo kwihlabathi liphela, iNetherlands ayisekho ngasemva ngokwendalo.
Ngoko ke namhlanje, umhleli uza kuthetha nawe ngendlela izityalo zamanzi amdaka eNetherlands eziphuculwa ngayo kwaye ziguqulwa ngayo ngexesha lokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni.
Ingcamango yamanzi amdaka eNetherlands - isakhelo se-NEWS
INetherlands, ekwi-delta yeRhine, iMaas kunye neScheldt, lilizwe elisezantsi.
Njengomntu okhathalela indalo, ngalo lonke ixesha ndikhankanya iHolland, into yokuqala efika engqondweni yam yiDelft University of Technology.
Ngokukodwa, iKluvyer Biotechnology Laboratory yayo idume kwihlabathi liphela ngempumelelo yayo kubuchwepheshe bobunjineli bezinto ezincinci. Uninzi lweendlela zobugcisa bonyango lwebhayoloji yelindle esiqhelene nazo ngoku zivela apha.
Ezifana nokususwa kwe-phosphorus kwi-denitrification kunye nokubuyiswa kwe-phosphorus (BCFS), i-nitrification yomgama omfutshane (SHARON), i-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX/CANON), i-aerobic granular sludge (NEREDA), i-side stream enrichment/mainstream enhanced nitrification (BABE), i-biological Plastic (PHA) recycling, njl.njl.
Ngaphezu koko, ezi teknoloji ziphuhliswe nguNjingalwazi uMark van Loosdrecht, apho aphumelele khona “iMbasa yeNobel” kwishishini lamanzi – iMbasa yamanzi kaLee Kuan Yew yaseSingapore.
Kudala, iDelft University of Technology yacebisa ingcamango yonyango oluzinzileyo lwamanzi amdaka. Ngowama-2008, iNetherlands Applied Water Research Foundation yawufaka lo mbono kwisakhelo se-"NEWS".
Oko kukuthi, isifinyezo sebinzana elithi Nutrient (isondlo) + Amandla (amandla) + Amanzi (amanzi) iifektri (ifektri), oko kuthetha ukuba isityalo sokunyanga amdaka phantsi kwengcamango ezinzileyo ngokwenene yifektri yemveliso yezintathu zezondlo, amandla kunye namanzi asetyenzisiweyo.
Kwenzeka nje ukuba igama elithi “INDABA” libe nentsingiselo entsha, ethetha ubomi obutsha kunye nekamva.
Hayi indlela elunge ngayo le "INDABA", phantsi kwesakhelo sayo, akukho nkunkuma ifumanekayo ngokwendlela yendabuko kumjelo wamanzi amdaka:
Izinto eziphilayo zithwala amandla, anokusetyenziswa ukulungisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okusebenza kwaye afezekise injongo yokusebenza okungenakhabhoni; ubushushu obukwindawo engcolileyo bunokuguqulwa bube ngamandla amaninzi obushushu/abandayo ngepompo yobushushu yomthombo wamanzi, engenako nje ukufaka isandla ekusebenzeni okungenakhabhoni, kodwa ikwanakho nokuthumela ubushushu/abandayo kuluntu. Yile nto iphambili kwisikhululo samandla.
Izondlo ezikwilindle, ingakumbi i-phosphorus, zinokufunyanwa ngempumelelo ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyanga, ukuze kulibaziseke ukunqongophala kwezixhobo ze-phosphorus kakhulu. Lo ngumxholo wefektri yezondlo.
Emva kokuba kugqityiwe ukubuyiselwa kwezinto eziphilayo kunye nezondlo, injongo ephambili yokucoca amanzi amdaka ngokwesiko iyagqitywa, kwaye ezinye izibonelelo ngamanzi abuyiselweyo esiwaziyo. Le yindlela isityalo samanzi abuyiselweyo esisebenza ngayo.
Ngoko ke, iNetherlands ikwashwankathele amanyathelo enkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kwiinkqubo ezintandathu eziphambili: ①unyango lwangaphambi konyango; ②unyango olusisiseko; ③unyango emva konyango; ④unyango lodaka;
Ibonakala ilula, kodwa eneneni kukho ubuchwepheshe obuninzi onokukhetha kubo emva kwenyathelo ngalinye lenkqubo, kwaye ubuchwepheshe obufanayo bungasetyenziswa nakwinyathelo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo, njengee-permutations kunye neendibaniselwano, unokufumana indlela efanelekileyo yokucoca amanzi amdaka.
Ukuba ufuna ezi mveliso zingasentla ukuze ulungise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulahla amanzi amdaka, nceda unxibelelane nathi.
cr: I-Naiyanjun Environmental Protection Hydrosphere
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-25-2023