Unyango lwe-microbial lwelindle kukufaka inani elikhulu leentlobo ze-microbial ezisebenzayo kwilindle, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukwakheka ngokukhawuleza kwenkqubo yendalo elungeleleneyo emanzini ngokwawo, apho kungekho kuphela ababolisi, abavelisi, kunye nabathengi. Ungcoliseko lunokuphathwa kwaye lusetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela uninzi lweekhonkco zokutya lunokwakheka, lwenze inkqubo yendalo yokutya edibanisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo. Inkqubo yokulinganisela indalo elungileyo nezinzileyo inokusekwa ukuba ubungakanani obufanelekileyo kunye nomlinganiselo wamandla ugcinwa phakathi kwamanqanaba e-trophic. Xa inani elithile lelindle lingena kule nkqubo yendalo, ungcoliseko lwezinto eziphilayo olukuyo alupheleli nje ekuwohlokeni nasekuhlanjululweni ziibhaktheriya kunye neefungi, kodwa iimveliso zokugqibela zokuwohloka kwazo, ezinye iikhompawundi ezingaphiliyo, zisetyenziswa njengemithombo yekhabhoni, imithombo ye-nitrogen kunye nemithombo ye-phosphorus, kwaye amandla elanga asetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla wokuqala. , bathatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo ye-metabolism kwi-food web, baze bafuduke kancinci kancinci baze batshintshe ukusuka kwinqanaba eliphantsi le-trophic ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu le-trophic, baze ekugqibeleni baguquke babe zizityalo zasemanzini, iintlanzi, ii-shrimp, ii-mussels, ii-geese, iidada kunye nezinye iimveliso zobomi eziphambili, kwaye ngokuqhubeka kwabantu. Thatha kwaye wongeze amanyathelo okugcina ulungelelwaniso olupheleleyo lwendalo yomzimba wamanzi, ukwandisa ubuhle kunye nendalo yendawo yamanzi, kunye nokufezekisa injongo yokuthintela nokulawula i-eutrophication yomzimba wamanzi.
1. Unyango lwelindle oluvela kwiintsholongwaneIsusa ikakhulu izinto ezingcolisayo eziphilayo (ii-BOD, izinto ze-COD) ezikwimeko ye-colloidal kunye ne-melted kwi-lindle, kwaye izinga lokususa linokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-90%, ukuze izinto ezingcolisayo eziphilayo zikwazi ukuhlangabezana nomgangatho wokukhupha.
(1) I-BOD (imfuno ye-oksijini yebhayoloji), oko kukuthi "imfuno ye-oksijini yebhayoloji" okanye "imfuno ye-oksijini yebhayoloji", sisalathisi esingangqalanga somxholo wezinto eziphilayo emanzini. Ngokubanzi ibhekisa kwinxalenye yezinto eziphilayo ezinokucolwa lula ezikwi-1L yelindle okanye isampuli yamanzi eza kuvavanywa. Xa iintsholongwane zicola kwaye zibolisa, ioksijini enyibilikisiweyo emanzini isetyenziswa kwiimiligram (iyunithi yi-mg/L). Iimeko zokulinganisa ze-BOD zihlala zichazwe kwi-20 °C kangangeentsuku ezi-5 nobusuku, ngoko ke uphawu lwe-BOD5 luhlala lusetyenziswa.
(2) I-COD (imfuno ye-oksijini yekhemikhali) yimfuno ye-oksijini yekhemikhali, nto leyo ebonisa ngokucacileyo umxholo wezinto eziphilayo emzimbeni wamanzi. (iyunithi yi-mg/L). Ii-oxidants zekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa rhoqo yi-K2Cr2O7 okanye i-KMnO4. Phakathi kwazo, i-K2Cr2O7 isetyenziswa rhoqo, kwaye i-COD elinganisiweyo imelwe yi-"COD Cr".
2. Unyango lweMicrobial Ugutyulo lwamanzi amdaka lunokwahlulwa lube yinkqubo yonyango lwe-aerobic kunye nenkqubo yonyango lwe-anaerobic ngokwemeko yeoksijini kwinkqubo yonyango.
1. Inkqubo yonyango lwe-aerobic
Phantsi kweemeko ze-aerobic, iintsholongwane zifunxa izinto eziphilayo kwindalo esingqongileyo, zizenze i-oxidize kwaye zibolise zibe zizinto ezingaphiliyo, zicoce amanzi amdaka, kwaye zenze izinto zeseli ngaxeshanye. Kwinkqubo yokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, iintsholongwane zikhona ngohlobo lwenkunkuma esebenzayo kunye nezinto eziphambili ze-biofilm.
Le ndlela yindlela yonyango lwebhayoloji ene-biofilm njengomzimba ophambili wokucoca. I-Biofilm yi-mucous membrane enamathele kumphezulu we-carrier kwaye ikakhulu yenziwe yi-bacterial micelles. Umsebenzi we-biofilm ufana nowe-activated sludge kwinkqubo ye-activated sludge, kwaye ukwakheka kwayo kwe-microbial nako kuyafana. Umgaqo ophambili wokucoca amdaka kukufakwa kunye nokubola kwe-oxidative kwezinto eziphilayo kwi-sewage yi-biofilm enamathele kumphezulu we-carrier. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana phakathi kwe-medium kunye namanzi, indlela ye-biofilm ibandakanya indlela ye-biological turntable kunye nendlela ye-tower biological filter.
3. Inkqubo yonyango lwe-Anaerobic
Phantsi kweemeko ezinobungozi, indlela yokusebenzisa iintsholongwane ezingasebenzi kakuhle (kuquka iintsholongwane ezingasebenzi kakuhle) ukubola izinto ezingcolisayo eziphilayo emanzini amdaka ikwabizwa ngokuba kukugaya ukutya okungasebenzi kakuhle okanye ukubila okungasebenzi kakuhle. Ngenxa yokuba imveliso yokubila ivelisa i-methane, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-methane fermentation. Le ndlela ayinakuphelisa kuphela ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, kodwa ikwaphuhlisa amandla e-bio, ukuze abantu banikele ingqalelo enkulu. Ukubila okungasebenzi kakuhle kwamanzi amdaka yinkqubo yendalo entsonkothileyo kakhulu, ebandakanya amaqela ahlukeneyo eentsholongwane, ngalinye lifuna ii-substrates ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko, okwenza inkqubo yendalo entsonkothileyo. Ukubila kwe-methane kubandakanya amanqanaba amathathu: isigaba sokunyibilika, ukuveliswa kwe-hydrogen kunye nesigaba sokuveliswa kwe-acetic acid kunye nesigaba sokuveliswa kwe-methane.
Unyango lwamanzi amdaka lunokwahlulwa lube lolona nyango luphambili, oluphakathi noluphezulu ngokwenqanaba lonyango.
Unyango oluphambili: Lususa kakhulu ungcoliseko oluqinileyo oluxhonyiweyo kwilindle, kwaye uninzi lweendlela zonyango lomzimba zinokufezekisa kuphela iimfuno zonyango oluphambili. Emva konyango oluphambili lwelindle, i-BOD inokususwa ngokubanzi malunga ne-30%, engahlangabezani nomgangatho wokukhupha. Unyango oluphambili lolokusetyenzwa kwangaphambili konyango lwesibini.
Inkqubo yokunyanga ephambili yile: amanzi amdaka aluhlaza adlule kwigridi erhabaxa aphakanyiswa yipompo yokuphakamisa amanzi amdaka - adlule kwigridi okanye kwisihluzo - aze angene kwigumbi lokucoca - amanzi amdaka ahlukaniswe yisanti namanzi angene kwitanki yokuqala yokucoca, oku kungasentla yile: Ukucubungula okuphambili (oko kukuthi ukucubungula ngokwasemzimbeni). Umsebenzi wegumbi lokucoca kukususa amasuntswana angabonakaliyo anomxhuzulane omkhulu. Amagumbi okucoca asetyenziswa rhoqo ziigumbi zokucoca ezidityanisiweyo, amagumbi okucoca angena umoya, amagumbi okucoca amdaka eDole kunye namagumbi okucoca amdaka e-bell-type.
Unyango lwesibini: Isusa ikakhulu izinto ezingcolisayo ze-colloidal kunye ne-organic dissolved (i-BOD, izinto ze-COD) kwi-lindle, kwaye izinga lokususwa linokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-90%, ukuze izinto ezingcolisayo ze-organic zikwazi ukuhlangabezana nomgangatho wokukhupha.
Inkqubo yonyango lwesibini yile: amanzi aphuma kwi-primary sedimentation tank angena kwizixhobo zonyango lwebhayoloji, kubandakanya indlela ye-activated sludge kunye nendlela ye-biofilm, (i-reactor yendlela ye-activated sludge ibandakanya itanki yomoya, umsele we-oxidation, njl. Indlela ye-biofilm ibandakanya itanki yesihluzo sebhayoloji, i-turntable yebhayoloji, indlela ye-biological contact oxidation kunye ne-biological fluidized bed), amanzi aphuma kwizixhobo zonyango lwebhayoloji angena kwi-secondary sedimentation tank, kwaye ukungcola okuvela kwi-secondary sedimentation tank kuyakhutshwa emva kokubulala iintsholongwane okanye ukungena kunyango lwesithathu.
Unyango oluphezulu: ikakhulu lujongana nezinto eziphilayo ezinganyangekiyo, izinto ezingaphiliyo ezinyibilikayo ezifana ne-nitrogen kunye ne-phosphorus ezinokubangela
ukuya kwi-eutrophication yomzimba wamanzi. Iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ziquka i-biological denitrification kunye nokususwa kwe-phosphorus, i-coagulation sedimentation, indlela yesantya sesanti, indlela ye-activated carbon adsorption, indlela ye-ion exchange kunye nendlela yohlalutyo lwe-electroosmosis.
Inkqubo yonyango lwesithathu yile ilandelayo: inxalenye yodaka olukwitanki yesibini yodaka ibuyiselwa kwitanki yokuqala yodaka okanye kwizixhobo zonyango lwebhayoloji, kwaye inxalenye yodaka ingena kwitanki yokuqina yodaka, ize ingene kwitanki yokugaya udaka. Emva kokususa amanzi nokuwomisa izixhobo, udaka lusetyenziswa ekugqibeleni.
Nokuba ngumthengi omtsha okanye umthengi omdala, sikholelwa kuyilo olukhethekileyo lweebhaktheriya ezitshabalalisa i-ammonia ukuze zinyangwe ngamanzi eTshayina, ukwandiswa kwe-arhente yeebhaktheriya ze-aerobic kunye nolwalamano oluthembekileyo, siyabamkela abathengi abatsha nabadala ukuba banxibelelane nathi ngefowuni ephathwayo okanye bathumele i-imeyile ukuze basibuze ukuze siseke imibutho yoshishino yexesha elide kunye nempumelelo ekwabelwana ngayo.
Unyango lweKhemikhali lwaManzi amdakaUyilo oluKhethekileyo lweBhaktheriya yaseTshayina, iArhente yoNyango lwaManzi eBhaktheriya, njengabasebenzi abafundileyo, abanobuchule nabanamandla, besiphethe zonke izinto zophando, uyilo, ukwenziwa, ukuthengiswa kunye nokusasazwa. Ngokuphanda nokuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha, asilandeli nje kuphela kodwa sikhokela ishishini lefashoni. Simamela ngononophelo impendulo yabathengi kwaye sinikezela ngonxibelelwano olukhawulezileyo. Uya kuziva kwangoko ubuchule bethu kunye nenkonzo yethu yokukhathalela.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Juni-11-2022