I-Polypropylene glycol (PPG)yipolymer engeyiyo i-ionic efunyenwe yi-polymerization ye-ring-opening ye-propylene oxide. Ineempawu eziphambili ezifana nokunyibilika kwamanzi okuhlengahlengiswayo, uluhlu olubanzi lwe-viscosity, uzinzo oluqinileyo lweekhemikhali, kunye nobuthi obuphantsi. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kugubungela amashishini amaninzi, kubandakanya iikhemikhali, amayeza, iikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla, ukutya, kunye nemveliso yemizi-mveliso. Ii-PPG zobunzima obahlukeneyo beemolekyuli (ngokuvamile ziqala kwi-200 ukuya kwi-10,000) zibonisa umahluko omkhulu wokusebenza. Ii-PPG ezinobunzima obuphantsi beemolekyuli (ezifana ne-PPG-200 kunye ne-400) zinyibilika ngakumbi emanzini kwaye zisetyenziswa rhoqo njengee-solvents kunye nee-plasticizers. Ii-PPG ezinobunzima obuphakathi kunye nobuphezulu beemolekyuli (ezifana ne-PPG-1000 kunye ne-2000) zinyibilika ngakumbi kwioyile okanye ziqinile kancinci kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-emulsification kunye ne-elastomer synthesis. Oku kulandelayo luhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lweendawo eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwayo:
1. Ishishini lePolyurethane (PU): Elinye leZixhobo eziLungileyo
I-PPG sisixhobo esibalulekileyo se-polyol sokwenza izinto ze-polyurethane. Ngokusebenzisana ne-isocyanates (ezifana ne-MDI kunye ne-TDI) kunye nokudibanisa nee-chain extenders, inokuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso ze-PU, igubungela uluhlu olupheleleyo lweendidi ze-foam ezithambileyo ukuya kweziqinileyo:
Ii-elastomers zePolyurethane: I-PPG-1000-4000 isetyenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseleleni i-thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) kunye nee-cast polyurethane elastomers (CPU). Ezi elastomers zisetyenziswa kwizihlangu (ezifana ne-cushioning midsoles yezihlangu zemidlalo), izitywino zoomatshini, iibhanti zokuhambisa, kunye nee-catheters zonyango (ezinokuhambelana okuhle kakhulu kwezinto eziphilayo). Zinika ukumelana nokukrazuka, ukumelana nokukrazuka, kunye nokuguquguquka.
Iingubo/izincamathelisi zePolyurethane: I-PPG iphucula ukuguquguquka, ukumelana namanzi, kunye nokunamathela kweengubo kwaye isetyenziswa kwiipeyinti ze-OEM zeemoto, iipeyinti zokulwa nokugqwala kwemizi-mveliso, kunye neengubo zomthi. Kwii-adhesive, inyusa amandla e-bond kunye nokumelana nemozulu, okwenza ifaneleke kwiintsimbi ze-bonding, iiplastiki, ulusu, kunye nezinye izinto.
2. Iikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla kunye nokhathalelo lomntu: Izongezo ezisebenzayo
I-PPG, ngenxa yokuba ithambile, ineempawu zokufumisa, kunye neempawu zokufumisa, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkonzo zokhathalelo lolusu, izinto zokuthambisa, izicoci, kunye nezinye iimveliso. Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zobunzima beemolekyuli zinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo:
Ii-Emulsifiers kunye neeSolubilizers: I-PPG enobunzima obuphakathi be-molecular (njenge-PPG-600 kunye ne-PPG-1000) idla ngokudityaniswa nee-fatty acids kunye nee-esters njenge-emulsifier engeyiyo ionic kwiikhrimu, ii-lotions, ii-shampoos, kunye nezinye iindlela, ezizinzisa iinkqubo zamanzi eoyile kwaye zithintele ukwahlukana. I-PPG enobunzima obuphantsi be-molecular (njenge-PPG-200) ingasetyenziswa njenge-solubilizer, inceda ekunyibilikiseni izithako ezinyibilikayo kwioyile ezifana neziqholo kunye neeoyile ezibalulekileyo kwiindlela zamanzi.
Izithambisi kunye nee-Emollients: I-PPG-400 kunye ne-PPG-600 zinika isiphumo esiphakathi sokufumisa kunye nemvakalelo ehlaziyayo, engenamafutha. Zingathatha indawo ye-glycerin kwi-toner kunye ne-serum, ziphucule ukutyibilika kwemveliso. Kwii-conditioners, zinokunciphisa umbane ongashukumiyo kwaye ziphucule ukuguda kweenwele. Izongezo zeMveliso yokucoca: Kwii-gels zeshawa kunye nesepha zezandla, i-PPG inokulungisa i-formula viscosity, iphucule uzinzo lwe-foam, kwaye inciphise ukucaphuka kwe-surfactants. Kwi-toothpaste, isebenza njenge-humectant kunye ne-thickener, ithintela i-paste ukuba yome kwaye iqhekeke.
3. Izicelo zamayeza nezoNyango: Izicelo zoKhuseleko oluPhezulu
Ngenxa yokuba inetyhefu ephantsi kwaye ihambelana kakuhle ne-biocompatibility (ihambelana ne-USP, i-EP, kunye neminye imigangatho yamayeza), i-PPG isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-pharmaceutical formulations kunye nezixhobo zonyango.
Izithwali Zamayeza Nezinyibilikisi: I-PPG enobunzima obuphantsi bemolekyuli (njenge-PPG-200 kunye ne-PPG-400) sisinyibilikisi esilungileyo samayeza anganyibilikiyo kakuhle kwaye singasetyenziswa kwi-suspensions yomlomo kunye nee-injections (ezifuna ulawulo oluqinileyo lobumsulwa kunye nokususwa kokungcola okuncinci), ukuphucula ukunyibilika kwamayeza kunye nokufumaneka kwawo kwi-bioavailability. Ngaphezu koko, i-PPG ingasetyenziswa njengesiseko se-suppository ukuphucula ukukhutshwa kwamayeza.
Ukuguqulwa kwezinto zonyango: Kwizinto ze-polyurethane zonyango (ezifana nemithambo yegazi yokwenziwa, iivalvu zentliziyo, kunye nee-catheter zomchamo), i-PPG inokulungisa ukunamathela kwamanzi kunye nokuhambelana kwezinto, inciphise impendulo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ngelixa iphucula ukuguquguquka kwezinto kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwegazi. Izinto ezincedisayo kwiMithi: I-PPG ingasetyenziswa njengesiseko kwizithambiso kunye neekhrimu zokuphucula ukungena kwamayeza eluswini kwaye ifanelekile kumayeza angaphandle (afana nezithambiso zokulwa namagciwane kunye ne-steroid).
4. Ukuthambisa kunye noomatshini kwimizi-mveliso: Ukuthambisa okuSebenza ngokuPhezulu
I-PPG inika ukuthambisa okugqwesileyo, iimpawu zokungagugi, kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu nobuphantsi. Ikwahambelana kakhulu neeoyile zeminerali kunye nezongezo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yeyona nto iphambili kwiithambisi zokwenziwa.
Iioyile zeHydraulic kunye neeGiya: Ii-PPG ezinobunzima obuphakathi nobuphezulu beemolekyuli (ezifana nePPG-1000 kunye ne-2000) zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza ulwelo lwe-hydraulic oluchasene nokuguguleka olufanelekileyo kwiinkqubo ze-hydraulic ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kumatshini wokwakha kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini. Zigcina ukuguguleka okuhle kakhulu nokuba kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Kwiioyile zegiya, zonyusa iimpawu zokulwa nokuguguleka kunye nokuguguleka, zandisa ubomi begiya.
Iifluids Zokusebenza Ngentsimbi: I-PPG ingasetyenziswa njengesongezelelo kwi-metalworking and grinding fluids, ibonelela nge-lubrication, i-cooling, kunye ne-rust prevention, inciphisa ukuguguleka kwezixhobo kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka komatshini. Ikwabola (ezinye ii-PPG eziguquliweyo ziyahlangabezana nemfuno ye-cutting fluids enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo). Ii-Specialty Lubricants: Ii-lubricants ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, okanye ezikhethekileyo (ezifana neendawo ezine-asidi kunye ne-alkaline), ezifana nezixhobo ze-aerospace kunye neepompo zeekhemikhali kunye neevalvu, zinokuthatha indawo yeeoyile zeminerali zemveli kwaye ziphucule ukuthembeka kwezixhobo.
5. Ukulungiswa kokutya: Izongezo ezikumgangatho wokutya
I-PPG yodidi lokutya (ehambelana ne-FDA) isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuxubeni, ekususeni ivumba elibi, nasekufumiseni ukutya xa kusetyenzwa ukutya:
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-emulsification kunye nokuzinzisa: Kwiimveliso zobisi (ezifana ne-ayisikhrim kunye nekhrim) kunye nezinto ezibhakiweyo (ezifana neekeyiki kunye nesonka), i-PPG isebenza njenge-emulsifier ukuthintela ukwahlukana kweoyile kunye nokuphucula ukufana kwemveliso kunye nencasa. Kwiziselo, izinzisa iincasa kunye nemibala ukuthintela ukwahlukana.
I-Defoamer: Kwiinkqubo zokubilisa ukutya (ezifana nokupheka ibhiya kunye nesosi yesoya) kunye nokucubungula ijusi, i-PPG isebenza njengesicoci sokubilisa ukunqanda ukugqwala nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso ngaphandle kokuchaphazela incasa.
I-Humectant: Kwii-pastries nakwiilekese, i-PPG isebenza njengesithambisi-mafutha ukuthintela ukoma nokuqhekeka, nto leyo eyandisa ixesha lokuhlala kwayo.
6. Ezinye iiNdawo: Uhlengahlengiso oluSebenzayo kunye neZicelo eziNcedisayo
Iingubo kunye nee-Inks: Ukongeza kwiingubo ze-polyurethane, i-PPG ingasetyenziswa njengesiguquli se-alkyd kunye ne-epoxy resins, iphucula ukuguquguquka kwazo, ukulingana, kunye nokumelana namanzi. Kwii-inks, inokulungisa i-viscosity kwaye iphucule ukuprintwa (umz., ii-inki ze-offset kunye ne-gravure).
Izincedisi zeLaphu: Isetyenziswa njenge-antistatic finish kunye ne-softener kwilaphu, inciphisa ukwakheka okungashukumiyo kwaye iphucula ukuthamba. Xa idaywa kwaye igqitywa, ingasetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokulinganisa ukuphucula ukusasazwa kwedayi kunye nokuphucula ukufana kwedayi.
IiDefoamers kunye neeDemulsifiers: Kwimveliso yeekhemikhali (umz., ukwenza iphepha kunye nonyango lwamanzi amdaka), i-PPG ingasetyenziswa njenge-defoamer yokuthintela ukugqwala ngexesha lokuveliswa. Kwimveliso yeoyile, ingasetyenziswa njenge-demulsifier ukunceda ukwahlula ioyile ekrwada emanzini, ngaloo ndlela yonyusa ukubuyiswa kweoyile. Amanqaku aphambili okusetyenziswa: Ukusetyenziswa kwe-PPG kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo kobunzima beemolekyuli (umz., ubunzima obuphantsi beemolekyuli bugxila kwizinyibilikisi kunye nokufuma, ngelixa ubunzima obuphakathi nophezulu beemolekyuli bujolise kwi-emulsification kunye nokuthambisa) kunye nomgangatho wobumsulwa (iimveliso zobumsulwa obuphezulu zikhethwa kumashishini okutya kunye namayeza, ngelixa amanqanaba aqhelekileyo anokukhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zoshishino). Ezinye izicelo zikwafuna ukuguqulwa (umz., ukufakelwa okanye ukuhlanganiswa) ukuphucula ukusebenza (umz., ukuphucula ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokungalali komlilo). Njengoko iimfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo zisanda kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu, iindawo zokusetyenziswa ze-PPG eguquliweyo (umz., i-PPG esekwe kwi-bio kunye ne-PPG ebolayo) ziyanda.
Ixesha leposi: Okthobha-29-2025