Ipolypropylene glycol (PPG)i-polymer engeyiyo ionic efunyenwe ngokuvula i-polymerization ye-ring-open ye-propylene oxide. Ineempawu eziphambili ezifana nokunyibilika kwamanzi okuhlengahlengiswayo, uluhlu olubanzi lwe-viscosity, uzinzo olomeleleyo lwekhemikhali, kunye netyhefu ephantsi. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuthatha amashishini amaninzi, kubandakanya iikhemikhali, amayeza, iikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla, ukutya kunye nokuveliswa kwemizi-mveliso. IiPPG zobunzima beemolekyuli ezahlukeneyo (ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-200 ukuya kwi-10,000) zibonisa umahluko obalulekileyo wokusebenza. Ii-PPG ezinobunzima obuphantsi (ezifana ne-PPG-200 kunye ne-400) zixutywe ngamanzi kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo njenge-solvents kunye ne-plasticizers. I-PPG ephakathi kunye ne-molecular-weight-weight (efana ne-PPG-1000 kunye ne-2000) i-oil-soluble okanye i-semi-solid kwaye isetyenziswa ngokuyinhloko kwi-emulsification kunye ne-elastomer synthesis. Oku kulandelayo lucazululo oluneenkcukacha lweendawo eziphambili zesicelo:
1. I-Polyurethane (i-PU) Ishishini: Enye yezinto eziphambili ze-Raw Materials
I-PPG yinto ephambili ye-polyol ekrwada kwimveliso ye-polyurethane imathiriyeli. Ngokusabela ngee-isocyanates (ezifana ne-MDI kunye ne-TDI) kunye nokudibanisa nezandisi zamakhonkco, inokuvelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemveliso ze-PU, ezigubungela uluhlu olupheleleyo lweendidi ezithambileyo ukuya koluqilima amagwebu:
I-polyurethane elastomers: I-PPG-1000-4000 isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ekulungiseleleni i-thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) kunye ne-polyurethane elastomers (CPU) ephosiweyo. Ezi elastomers zisetyenziswa kwiisoli zezihlangu (ezifana ne-cushioning midsoles yezihlangu ze-athletic), izitywini zoomatshini, amabhanti okuhambisa, kunye ne-catheters zonyango (ezine-biocompatibility egqwesileyo). Banikezela ngokumelana ne-abrasion, ukuxhathisa ukukrazula, kunye nokuguquguquka.
Iingubo zePolyurethane / izinto zokuncamathelisa: I-PPG iphucula ukuguquguquka, ukuxhathisa kwamanzi, kunye nokuncamathela kwezinto zokwaleka kwaye isetyenziswa kwiipeyinti ze-OEM zemoto, iipeyinti ezichasene nokubola, kunye neengubo zokhuni. Kwizinto zokuncamathelisa, yongeza ukomelela kwebhondi kunye nokumelana nemozulu, iyenze ilungele ukubophelela iintsimbi, iiplastiki, ufele kunye nezinye izinto.
2. Iikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla kunye noNyango lomntu: Izongezo eziSebenzayo
I-PPG, ngenxa yobulali bayo, iipropathi zokuthambisa, kunye neempawu zokufumisa, isetyenziswa kakhulu kukhathalelo lwesikhumba, kwizinto zokuthambisa, kwezokucoca, nakwezinye iimveliso. Iimveliso ezahlukeneyo zobunzima bemolekyuli zinendima eyahlukileyo:
I-Emulsifiers kunye ne-Solubilizers: I-PPG ye-molecular weight Medium (efana ne-PPG-600 kunye ne-PPG-1000) idla ngokudityaniswa kunye ne-fatty acids kunye ne-esters njenge-emulsifier e-nonionic kwi-creams, i-lotions, i-shampoos, kunye nezinye izinto ezixutywayo, ukuzinzisa iinkqubo zamanzi-oyile kunye nokuthintela ukwahlukana. Ubunzima be-molecular PPG (efana ne-PPG-200) ingasetyenziselwa njenge-solubilizer, inceda ukunyibilikisa izithako ezinyibilikayo ze-oyile ezifana neziqholo kunye neoli efunekayo ekubunjweni kwamanzi.
I-Moisturizers kunye ne-Emollients: I-PPG-400 kunye ne-PPG-600 inika umphumo wokufudumala ophakathi kunye nokuhlaziya, okungahambi kakuhle. Bangakwazi ukubuyisela i-glycerin ethile kwiitoni kunye neeserum, ukuphucula imveliso ye-glide. Kwi-conditioners, banokunciphisa umbane omileyo kwaye baphucule ukuguda kweenwele. Ukucoca Izongezo zeMveliso: Kwiijeli zeshawa kunye neesepha zesandla, i-PPG inokulungelelanisa i-viscosity yefomula, iphucule uzinzo lwamagwebu, kunye nokunciphisa ukucaphuka kwabantu abasebenzisa i-surfactants. Kwi-toothpaste, isebenza njenge-humectant kunye ne-thickener, ikhusela i-paste ekumiseni nasekuqhekekeni.
3. Izicelo zamachiza kunye nezoNyango: Izicelo zoKhuseleko oluPhezulu
Ngenxa yobutyhefu obuphantsi kunye ne-biocompatibility egqwesileyo (ehambelana ne-USP, i-EP, kunye neminye imigangatho yamayeza), i-PPG isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuqulunqweni kwamachiza kunye nezixhobo zonyango.
Abathwali beDrug and Solvents: I-molecular weight low PPG (efana ne-PPG-200 kunye ne-PPG-400) sisinyibilikisi esigqwesileyo samachiza anganyibiliki kakuhle kwaye sinokusetyenziswa ekumisweni komlomo kunye neenaliti (ezifuna ukucoceka okungqongqo kunye nokususwa kokungcola komkhondo), ukuphucula ukunyibilika kweziyobisi kunye ne-bioavailability. Ngaphaya koko, i-PPG inokusetyenziselwa njengesiseko se-suppository ukuphucula ukukhutshwa kweziyobisi.
Ukuguqulwa kweMathiriyeli yezoNyango: Kwizinto zonyango ze-polyurethane (ezifana nemithambo yegazi eyenziweyo, iivalvu zentliziyo, kunye ne-catheter ye-urinary), i-PPG inokulungelelanisa i-hydrophilicity kunye ne-biocompatibility yezinto eziphathekayo, ukunciphisa ukusabela komzimba kwi-immune ngelixa ikwaphucula ukuguquguquka kwezinto kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola kwegazi. Abaxhamli bamachiza: I-PPG ingasetyenziselwa njengesiseko secandelo kwi-ointments kunye ne-creams ukunyusa ukungena kweziyobisi ngesikhumba kwaye ifanelekile kumayeza e-topical (afana ne-antibacterial kunye ne-steroid ointments).
4. I-Industrial Lubrication kunye noomatshini: Ii-Lubricants eziSebenza ngokuPhezulu
I-PPG inikezela ngokuthambisa okugqwesileyo, iipropathi ezichasene nokunxiba, kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphantsi. Ikwanayo nokuhambelana okuqinileyo kunye nee-oyile zeminerali kunye nezongezelelo, iyenza ibe yinto ephambili yezixhobo zokuthambisa zokwenziwa.
I-Hydraulic kunye ne-Gear Oil: I-PPG ephakathi kunye ne-molecular-weight-weight (efana ne-PPG-1000 kunye ne-2000) ingasetyenziselwa ukudala i-anti-wear hydraulic fluids efanelekileyo kwiinkqubo ze-hydraulic high-pressure kumatshini wokwakha kunye nezixhobo zomatshini. Bagcina ubumanzi obugqwesileyo nakumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Kwioyile yegiya, zongeza iipropathi zokuchasa ukuxhuzula kunye ne-anti-wear, ukwandisa ubomi begiya.
I-Metalworking Fluids: I-PPG ingasetyenziswa njengesongezo ekusebenzeni kwesinyithi kunye nolwelo lokusila, ukubonelela ngokuthambisa, ukupholisa, kunye nokuthintela umhlwa, ukunciphisa ukunxitywa kwezixhobo kunye nokuphucula ukuchaneka komatshini. Iyakwazi ukubola (ezinye ii-PPGs ezilungisiweyo ziyahlangabezana nemfuno yolwelo lokusika oluhambelana nokusingqongileyo). I-Special Lubricants: Izithambisi ezisetyenziselwa ubushushu obuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, okanye imidiya ekhethekileyo (efana neendawo ezine-acidic kunye ne-alkaline), njengezixhobo ze-aerospace kunye neepompo zekhemikhali kunye neevalvu, zinokuthatha indawo ye-oyile yamaminerali yendabuko kunye nokuphucula ukuthembeka kwezixhobo.
5. Ukulungiswa kokutya: Izongezo zeBanga lokutya
I-PPG yebakala lokutya (i-FDA-ethobelayo) isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukumiliselwa, ukuthoba amagwebu, kunye nokunyakamisa ekusetyenzweni kokutya:
I-Emulsification kunye noZinziso: Kwiimveliso zobisi (ezifana ne-ayisikrimu kunye ne-cream) kunye neempahla ezibhakiweyo (ezifana neekeyiki kunye nesonka), i-PPG isebenza njenge-emulsifier yokuthintela ukuhlukana kweoli kunye nokuphucula ukufana kwemveliso kunye nokunambitha. Kwiziselo, iyazinzisa incasa kunye neepigments ukuthintela ukwahlukana.
I-Defoamer: Kwiinkqubo zokuvutshelwa kokutya (ezifana nobhiya kunye nesosi yesosi) kunye nokucutshungulwa kwejusi, i-PPG isebenza njenge-defoamer ukucinezela ugwebu kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso ngaphandle kokuchaphazela incasa.
I-Humectant: Kwii-pastries kunye neelekese, i-PPG isebenza njengento yokuthambisa ukuthintela ukomisa kunye nokuqhekeka, ukwandisa ubomi beshelufu.
6. Eminye imimandla: Ukuguqulwa kokuSebenza kunye nezicelo eziNcedisayo
Iingubo kunye nee-Inks: Ukongeza kwiingubo ze-polyurethane, i-PPG ingasetyenziselwa njenge-modifier ye-alkyd kunye ne-epoxy resins, ukuphucula ukuguquguquka kwazo, ukulinganisa, kunye nokuchasana kwamanzi. Ngeinki, inokulungelelanisa i-viscosity kunye nokuphucula ukuprintwa (umzekelo, i-offset kunye ne-inki zegravure).
Izincedisi zeMilaphu: Isetyenziswa njenge-antistatic finish kunye ne-softener yamalaphu, inciphisa ukwakheka okumileyo kwaye yongeza ukuthamba. Ekudayeni nasekugqibeni, inokusetyenziswa njengearhente yokulinganisa ukuphucula ukusasazwa kwedayi kunye nokuphucula ukufana kokudaya.
I-Defoamers kunye ne-Demulsifiers: Kwimveliso yeekhemikhali (umzekelo, ukwenza iphepha kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka), i-PPG inokusetyenziswa njenge-defoamer ukucinezela ugwebu ngexesha lemveliso. Kwimveliso ye-oyile, ingasetyenziswa njenge-demulsifier ukunceda ukwahlula i-oyile ekrwada emanzini, ngaloo ndlela inyusa ukubuyiswa kwe-oyile. Amanqaku eSicelo aPhambili: Ukusetyenziswa kwePPG kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngononophelo ubunzima bemolekyuli (umzekelo, ubunzima obuphantsi bemolekyuli bugxile kwi-solvents kunye nokuthambisa, ngelixa ubunzima bemolekyuli obuphakathi kunye nobukhulu bujolise kwi-emulsification kunye ne-lubrication) kunye nebakala lokucoceka (iimveliso ezihlambulukileyo eziphezulu zikhethwa kumashishini okutya kunye namayeza, ngelixa amabakala asemgangathweni anokukhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zoshishino). Ezinye izicelo zikwafuna uhlengahlengiso (umzekelo, ukufakela okanye ukudityaniswa ngokunqamlezileyo) ukomeleza ukusebenza (umzekelo, ukomeleza ukuxhathisa ubushushu kunye nokungangeni kwedangatye). Ngokunyuka kweemfuno zokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu, iindawo zokusetyenziswa kwePPG eguquliweyo (umzekelo, i-bio-based PPG kunye ne-biodegradable PPG) ziyanda.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-29-2025