IsishwankatheloUkwenza amaphepha amdaka ikakhulu kuvela kwiinkqubo ezimbini zokuvelisa i-pulping kunye ne-papermaking kwishishini lokwenza amaphepha. Ukukhupha kukwahlula imicu kwizinto eziluhlaza zezityalo, ukwenza i-pulp, uze uyixube. Le nkqubo iya kuvelisa amanzi amdaka amaninzi okwenza amaphepha; ukwenza amaphepha kukuxuba, ukubumba, ukucinezela, nokomisa i-pulp ukuze kwenziwe iphepha. Le nkqubo ikwakhokelela ekuveliseni amanzi amdaka okwenza amaphepha. Amanzi amdaka aphambili aveliswa kwinkqubo yokukhupha amaphepha butywala obumnyama kunye notywala obomvu, kwaye ukwenza amaphepha kuvelisa amanzi amhlophe.
Iimpawu eziphambili 1. Ubuninzi bamanzi amdaka. 2. Amanzi amdaka aqulathe inani elikhulu lezinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo, ikakhulu i-inki, ifayibha, i-filler kunye nezinye izinto ezongeziweyo. 3. I-SS, i-COD, i-BOD kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo emanzini amdaka ziphezulu, umxholo we-COD uphezulu kune-BOD, kwaye umbala umnyama.
Isicwangciso sonyango kunye nesisombululo sengxaki. 1. Indlela yonyango Indlela yokunyanga yangoku isebenzisa ikakhulu i-anaerobic, i-aerobic, i-physical kunye ne-chemical coagulation kunye ne-sedimentation process combination process.
Inkqubo yokunyanga kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi: Emva kokuba amanzi amdaka engene kwinkqubo yokunyanga amanzi amdaka, aqala adlule kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma ukuze asuse inkunkuma enkulu, angene kwi-grid pool ukuze alingane, angene kwi-coagulation tank, aze avelise i-coagulation reaction ngokongeza i-polyaluminum chloride kunye ne-polyacrylamide. Emva kokungena kwi-flotation, i-SS kunye nenxalenye ye-BOD kunye ne-COD emanzini amdaka ziyasuswa. I-flotation effluent ingena kwi-anaerobic kunye ne-aerobic two-stage biochemical treatment ukuze isuse uninzi lwe-BOD kunye ne-COD emanzini. Emva kwetanki yesibini ye-sedimentation, i-COD kunye ne-chromaticity yamanzi amdaka azihlangabezani nemigangatho yesizwe yokukhupha amanzi. I-chemical coagulation isetyenziselwa unyango oluphuculweyo ukuze amanzi amdaka akwazi ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhupha amanzi okanye akwazi ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhupha amanzi.
Iingxaki Eziqhelekileyo Nezisombululo 1) I-COD idlula umgangatho. Emva kokuba amanzi amdaka enyangiwe ngonyango lwe-anaerobic kunye ne-aerobic biochemical, i-COD yomngxunya ayihlangabezani nemigangatho yokukhupha ukungcola. Isisombululo: Sebenzisa i-SCOD yokuchithwa kwe-COD esebenza kakuhle kakhulu kunyango. Yongeza emanzini ngokwesilinganiso esithile kwaye uphendule imizuzu engama-30.
2) Zombini i-chromaticity kunye ne-COD zidlula umgangatho Emva kokuba amanzi amdaka ephathwe ngonyango lwe-anaerobic kunye ne-aerobic biochemical, i-COD yomngxunya ayihlangabezani nemigangatho yokukhupha. Isisombululo: Yongeza i-flocculation decolorizer esebenza kakuhle kakhulu, xuba ne-high-efficiency decolorizer, kwaye ekugqibeleni sebenzisa i-polyacrylamide kwi-flocculation kunye ne-precipitation, ukwahlulahlula ulwelo oluqinileyo.
3) I-nitrogen egqithisileyo ye-ammonia I-ammonia nitrogen ephumayo ayinakuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhupha umoya okwangoku. Isisombululo: Yongeza i-ammonia nitrogen remover, uvuselele okanye uphefumle umoya uze udibanise, kwaye uphendule imizuzu emi-6. Kwiphepha lokugaya, i-ammonia nitrogen ephumayo imalunga ne-40ppm, kwaye umgangatho wokukhupha umoya we-ammonia nitrogen ungaphantsi kwe-15ppm, ongenakufikelela kwiimfuno zokukhupha umoya ezichazwe yimigaqo yokukhusela okusingqongileyo.
Isiphelo Unyango lwamanzi amdaka okwenziwa ngamaphepha kufuneka lugxile ekuphuculeni izinga lamanzi okusetyenziswa kwakhona, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nokukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka luhlolisise ngenkuthalo iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwamanzi amdaka ezinokuthenjwa, ezinoqoqosho nezinokusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwizixhobo eziluncedo emanzini amdaka. Umzekelo: indlela yokuqubha inokubuyisela izinto eziqinileyo ezinamaqhina emanzini amhlophe, ngesantya sokubuyisela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-95%, kwaye amanzi acacisiweyo anokusetyenziswa kwakhona; indlela yonyango lwamanzi amdaka okwenziwa ngokutshiswa inokubuyisela i-sodium hydroxide, i-sodium sulfide, i-sodium sulfate kunye nezinye iityuwa ze-sodium ezidityaniswe nezinto eziphilayo emanzini amnyama. Indlela yonyango lwamanzi amdaka engasebenzi kakuhle ilungisa ixabiso le-pH lamanzi amdaka; i-coagulation sedimentation okanye i-flotation inokususa amasuntswana amakhulu e-SS emanzini amdaka; indlela yokupholisa iikhemikhali inokutshintsha umbala; indlela yonyango lwebhayoloji inokususa i-BOD kunye ne-COD, esebenza ngakumbi kumanzi amdaka ephepha le-kraft. Ukongeza, kukwakho ne-reverse osmosis, i-ultrafiltration, i-electrodialysis kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango lwamanzi amdaka okwenziwa ngamaphepha ezisetyenziswa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-17-2025