Amagqabantshintshi okwenza amanzi amdaka avela kwiinkqubo ezimbini zokwenziwa kwe-pulping kunye nokwenza iphepha kumzi-mveliso wokwenza amaphepha. I-Pulping kukwahlula iintsinga kwimathiriyeli ekrwada yezityalo, ukwenza i-pulp, kwaye emva koko uyigalele ngebleach. Le nkqubo iya kuvelisa isixa esikhulu samanzi amdaka enziwe ngephepha; ukwenza iphepha kukudibanisa, ukubumba, ukucofa, kunye nokomisa intlama ukwenza iphepha. Le nkqubo ikwathanda ukuvelisa amanzi amdaka enziwe ngamaphepha. Amanzi amdaka angundoqo avelisiweyo kwinkqubo yokucofa butywala obumnyama kunye notywala obubomvu, kwaye ukwenziwa kwephepha kuvelisa amanzi amhlophe.
Iimpawu eziphambili 1. Isixa esikhulu samanzi amdaka.2. Amanzi amdaka aqulethe isixa esikhulu sezinto eziqinileyo ezimisiweyo, ikakhulu i-inki, ifayibha, isigcwalisi kunye nezongezo.3. I-SS, i-COD, i-BOD kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kumanzi amdaka ziphezulu kakhulu, umxholo we-COD uphezulu kune-BOD, kwaye umbala umnyama.
Isicwangciso sonyango kunye nesisombululo sengxaki.1. Indlela yonyango Indlela yonyango yangoku ikakhulu isebenzisa i-anaerobic, i-aerobic, i-physical coagulation yekhemikhali kunye ne-sedimentation inkqubo yokudibanisa imo yonyango.
Inkqubo yonyango kunye nokuhamba: Emva kokuba amanzi amdaka engene kwinkqubo yokucoca amanzi amdaka, iqala idlula kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma ukuze isuse inkunkuma enkulu, ingene echibini legridi ukuze ilingane, ingene kwitanki ye-coagulation, kwaye ivelise i-coagulation reaction ngokudibanisa i-polyaluminium chloride kunye ne-polyacrylamide. Emva kokungena kwi-flotation, i-SS kunye nenxalenye ye-BOD kunye ne-COD kumanzi amdaka ayasuswa. Amanzi amdaka ajikelezayo angena kunyango lwe-anaerobic kunye ne-aerobic olunamanqanaba amabini e-biochemical ukususa uninzi lwe-BOD kunye ne-COD emanzini. Emva kwetanki yesibini yentlenga, i-COD kunye nekhromaticity yamanzi amdaka ayihambelani nemigangatho yesizwe yokukhutshwa. I-Chemical coagulation isetyenziselwa unyango oluphuculweyo ukuze amanzi amdaka akwazi ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhupha okanye ahlangabezane nemigangatho yokukhutshwa.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kunye nezisombululo 1) I-COD idlula umgangatho. Emva kokuba amanzi amdaka enyangwe ngonyango lwe-anaerobic kunye ne-aerobic biochemical, i-COD yamanzi amdaka ayihambelani nemigangatho yokuphuma kwamanzi.Isisombululo: Sebenzisa i-COD yokunciphisa umgangatho ophezulu we-COD yonyango. Yongeza emanzini ngomlinganiselo othile kwaye uphendule imizuzu engama-30.
2) Zombini i-chromaticity kunye ne-COD zigqithise umgangatho Emva kokuba amanzi amdaka ecociwe ngonyango lwe-anaerobic kunye ne-aerobic biochemical, i-COD yamanzi amdaka ayihambelani nemigangatho yokuphuma. Isisombululo: Yongeza i-flocculation decolorizer ephezulu, xuba ne-high-efficiency decolorizer, kwaye ekugqibeleni usebenzise i-polyacrylamide ye-flocculation kunye nemvula, ukwahlula okuqinileyo-ulwelo.
3) I-ammonia nitrogen eninzi I-ammonia nitrogen yamanzi amdaka ayinakuhlangabezana neemfuno zangoku zokukhutshwa. Isisombululo: Yongeza i-ammonia nitrogen remover, xuba okanye uphefumle kwaye udibanise, kwaye usabele imizuzu emi-6. Kumatshini wokusila wephepha, amanzi amdaka e-ammonia nitrogen amalunga ne-40ppm, kwaye umgangatho wokukhutshwa kwe-ammonia nitrogen wasekhaya ungaphantsi kwe-15ppm, ongenako ukukhawulelana neemfuno zokukhutshwa ezichazwe yimigaqo yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.
Isiphelo Ukwenziwa kwephepha lokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kufuneka kugxininise ekuphuculeni izinga lokuphinda kusetyenziswe amanzi asetyenzisiweyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nokukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka kuphononongwe ngenkuthalo iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka athembekileyo, anoqoqosho kunye nalahlwayo anokusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo izixhobo eziluncedo kumanzi amdaka. Umzekelo: indlela ye-flotation inokubuyisela i-fibrous solids kumanzi amhlophe, kunye nesantya sokubuyisela ukuya kuma-95%, kwaye amanzi acacisiweyo angaphinda asetyenziswe; ukutsha indlela yokucoca amanzi amdaka inokubuyisela i-sodium hydroxide, i-sodium sulfide, i-sodium sulfate kunye nezinye iityuwa zesodium ezidityaniswe nezinto eziphilayo kumanzi amnyama. Indlela yokucoca amanzi amdaka angathathi hlangothi ilungisa ixabiso le-pH lamanzi amdaka; i-coagulation sedimentation okanye i-flotation inokususa amaqhekeza amakhulu e-SS kumanzi amdaka; indlela yemvula yeekhemikhali inokutshintsha umbala; Indlela yonyango yebhayoloji inokususa i-BOD kunye ne-COD, esebenza ngakumbi kwi-kraft paper wastewater. Ukongeza, kukho kwakhona i-osmosis eguqukayo, i-ultrafiltration, i-electrodialysis kunye nezinye iindlela zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka ezenziwe ngamaphepha ezisetyenziswa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-17-2025